Refractory manufacturers

Refractory quality. Refractory lining was first developed mainly for use in the iron and steel industries. It was not until the refractory manufacturers began developing products specifically designed for FCC applications that tremendous improvements in erosion and insulating properties were realized. 

Apply only to batch furnaces. (Consult pp. 103-106 of reference 51, or the refractory manufacturer for heat storage data.)... 

There was no uniform standard in Europe until the 1960s. In 1953, the Federation Europeenne des Fabricants de Produit Refractaires (PRE) was established to provide technical recommendations. To avoid any divergence of ideas between the refractories manufacturers belonging to PRE and the refractory users, mixed groups were set up in 1969 under the name Siderurgie et PRE (SIPRE). In February 1964, PRE Bulletin No. 65 was published, which contained... 

The third manner for spinel production is for the refiractory manufacturer to batch fine magnesia and alumina in the mix recipe itself therefore, the spinel is formed in situ during a subsequent refractory manufacturing process, such as firing a brick in a kiln, or during service when temperatures approach those required for reaction (greater than 1500°C). 

As seen from the many applications just described, refractory manufacturers produce a wide range of magnesia products with a spectrum of chemical and physical properties. Table 11 (67) depicts selected properties for several widely used magnesia-carbon brick types, while Table 12 (68) shows selected properties for an assortment of other popular magnesia refractory bricks. 

Because of the many types of advanced castables on the market today and due to the specialized development of many of these materials for specific uses, it is harder to characterize their strength development. The refractory manufacturer has less leeway in development of most dense conventional castables since they are viewed more or less as a commodity product (every manufacturer makes similar products) in the marketplace, and price dictates formulation constraints. This is sometimes true for low end (superduty, 50% alumina) advanced castable types in the low- and ultralow-cement classifications. However, application and performance criteria can and do call for the development and use of premium castables where the use of expensive formulations and exotic modifiers can modify physical properties and characteristics such as strength in specific temperature ranges that correspond to the anticipated service condition. 

The packing units usually contain some kind of information on proper installation and working methods. In addition to this, informative brochures about the various installation techniques can be obtained from the refractory manufacturers as well. Due to the multitude of special factors requiring the attention of the user, it is recommended to request information directly from the manufacturer. 

The piston rod should be polygonal or crowned in order to ensure better guidance of the rammer head. The recommendations given by the refractory manufacturers should be followed when selecting the size and shape of the rammer head. The size of segments to be rammed with ramming mixes is about the same as for segments filled with plastic refractory mixes. 

The information about heat-up schedules, which is provided by the refractory manufacturers, must be read and followed precisely. An incorrect heat-up can have fatal results. The outcome can be an explosion-like destruction of the refractory lining. 

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