Refractories for Anode Baking Furnaces

Yakovlev V, Pihutin I, Yukiev V. The results and future trends in refractories for anode baking furnaces (in Russian). VAMI. 2001 2 58-62. 

Perrushaud R, Meier M, Fischer W. A unique refractory solution for anode baking furnace flues. Light Met. 2004 133 553-7. 

We discussed anode baking furnaces in Sect. 2.3 because the furnaces for baking cathodes and baking anodes are the same. They have identical construction, the same problems with refractories, and the same refractories. Probably the real differences are that the service life of a cathode block should last for 6-S years, while the service life of an anode is 30 days thus, the consequence is the cmisump-tion of cathodes and anodes. Another difference is that the raw materials for cathodes are relatively pure, while the butts of spent anodes are utilized in raw materials for anodes, which leads to a significant sodium content in green anodes (from electrolyte). The temperature regime (Fig. 2.28) in anode baking furnaces is more or less the same. Usually, the producer of anodes is a producer of cathodes as well sometimes they keep the furnaces for specialized production, but not always. 

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