Selectivity, and reduction

Pervaporation. Vapor arbitrated pervaporation is used to remove ethanol from whiskey by selective passage of the alcohol through a membrane. Whiskey flows on one side of a membrane. A water-vapor stream flows on the other side and sweeps away the ethanol that permeates the membrane. Thus alcohol reduction and selective retention of flavor and aroma components can be achieved usiag membranes with a particular porosity. The ethanol can be recovered by condensing or scmbbiag the vapor stream. Pervaporation systems operate at or slightly above atmospheric pressure (Fig. 

Reductive debromination of 9a-bromo-compounds proceeded smoothly with Bu"3SnH, and tosyloxy-steroids were reductively and selectively cleaved with... 

Benzodiazepine-based inhibitors 82 (Z = SO2 or CH2 R = aryl, CF3, Bn) of mitrochondrial FiFo ATP hydrolase were accessed by cyclisation of the diamino intermediates 81 and subsequent reduction and selective A-substitutions <04BMCL1031>. 

Boger s synthesis commenced with the preparation of the left-hand fi agment 155. A sequence of phenol protection of 151, aldehyde oxidation, Curtius rearrangement, tosylation, nitro reduction, Boc protection, and Pb(OAc)4 mediated oxidation afforded quinodiimide 152. A key Diels-Alder reaction gave 153 in good yield. Treatment of 153 in a sequence of oxonolysis, aromatization, Boc deprotection, cyclization to the lactam, A-tosyl removal, indole reduction, and selective Boc protection afforded 154. Conversion of the lactam to the... 

Reduction of aromatic and olefinic compounds with lithium or calcium and low molecular weight amines to monounsaturated olefins, as well as the fully reduced products. The extent of reduction and selectivity can be controlled by varying the reaction conditions ... 

Liu Y, Harold MP, Luss D (2012) Coupled NOx storage and reduction and selective catalytic reduction using dual-layer monolithic catalysts, Appl. Catal. B 121-122 239-251... 

The reduction and selective tosylation of hydroxyester (98) led to the monotosylate (97). The methylene group in the side chain at C13 was converted into a potential 20-oxo group by oxidation to the corresponding glycol with its subsequent cleavage. Intramolecular allgrlation of the ketone ob-... 

A second question involves the influence of ligands on the rate and selectivity of the Lewis-acid catalysed Diels-Alder reaction in water. In Chapter 3 we have demonstrated that nearly all the ligands studied induce a significant decrease in the affinity of the catalyst for the dienophile. This effect is accompanied by a modest reduction of the rate of the Diels-Alder reaction of the ternary dienophile -catalyst - ligand complex. 

Functional group selectivity is often easy to achieve in reduction and condensation reactions since several highly selective reagents for reduction and for protection offunctional groups are available. 

Fig. 7. NO reduction using selective catalytic recovery (SCR) (a) basic principles of the SCR process where represent gas particles and (b) effect of...

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