Reduced residual chemical potential

The preceding theories apply to pure species. Flory applied these concepts to mixtures with two principal assumptions (i) that the core volumes are additive (ii) that the intermolecular energy is proportional to the in-termolecular surface area of contact. These assumptions render reasonable the further assumption that the equation-of-state also holds for the mixtures, provided that proper allowance is made in calculating the reduced variables of the mixture. TTie prescriptions required to achieve this end have been worked out by Flory and, in light of their complexity, they will not be reproduced here. Suffice to state that the reduced residual chemical potential, which is the equation-of-state analogue of the interaction parameter, is given by... 

X is the scalar distance between the solute molecule and the center of the imaginary membrane, with the LJ parameters of the solute used as reducing parameters. The residual chemical potential for a pure fluid (which would correspond to component 2 in its pure state at the state conditions of cell A) can then, for example, be found using the expression... 

Various chemical means have been used to reduce the leaching potential of toxic metals. The four types of chemical treatment applicable to emission control residual waste which are EP Toxic for lead or cadmium include the following ... 

Thus the calculation of the chemical potential is reduced into a calculation of the residual partial molar Gibbs energy. 

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