Redox-Active Aqueous Electrolytes

Redox-Active Aqueous Electrolytes for Carbon Electrodes... 

One typical redox pair example is iodide/iodine, and Lota and Frackowiak [909] applied the iodide/iodine redox pair for redox-active aqueous electrolytes of carbon-based ESs. An extremely high capacitance value of 1840 F g- was obtained for the carbon positive electrode in 1 M KI electrolyte. The following reactions (Equations 2.12 through 2.15) occur in this electrolyte, contributing to the pseudocapacitance [909] ... 

A three-zone DC model for treating electrochemical ET at a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) film-modified metal electrode surface [49] is displayed in Figure 3.27, where zones I, II, and III, defined by parallel infinite planes, correspond, respectively, to an aqueous electrolyte, a hydrocarbon film, and the metal, and the ET-active redox group is represented by a point charge shift (Aq) in a spherical solute cavity [22]. The Poisson equation has been solved for this system, and the results analyzed in terms of image charge contributions to As [22] (see below). 

Fig. 5.144. Cyclic voltammogram (top) and PBD response (bottom) of a redox-active film of [Ru(pby)2ClPVP]Cl exposed to an aqueous electrolyte solution of 1 M HCl, dE/dt =...

Furthermore, organic redox mediators, such as hydroquinone (HQ) [920-923], methylene blue (MB) [924], indigo carmine [925], p-phenylenediamine (PPD) [926,927], m-phenylenediamine (MPD) [928], lignosulfonates [929], suUbnated polyaniline (SPAni) [930], and humic acids [931], have also been investigated. Table 2.12 shows some typical aqueous electrolytes with organic redox-active molecules, the corresponding redox processes, and the performance of the assembled... 

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