Wastepaper recycling

The widespread use of papers has created an enormous amount of wastepaper however, it is not easy to recycle this resource because of the high cost of its utilization process. In the past, recycled wastepaper was used only two to three times before the fibers became unacceptably short (1). This wastepaper can be used in the bioethanol process as inexpensive... 

Typically, wastepaper constitutes half of municipal solid waste, and newspaper alone 14% of the waste (2). Generally, over 50% of vrastepaper is relatively well recycled. In the past, most of it was used only once and then landfilled or incinerated. Even recycled wastepaper can be used only two to three times before the fibers become unacceptably short. Currently only relatively long fibers obtained after deinking process are recycled for paper production, but the residues constituting mostly short fibers are discarded. 

The quaternary ammonium salt of an alkoxylated ester amine is used as a deinking agent for recycled wastepaper [183]. 

P. Soroushian, S. Zahir, J.P. Won and J.W. Hsu, Durability and moisture sensitivity of recycled wastepaper-fiber-cement composites , Cem. Conor Res. 16,1994,115-128. 

In the paper industry ether carboxylates are used in formulations of ink removers for wastepaper recycling [209] and quaternary softener formulations [210]. 

McKinney, R. W. J., Wastepaper Preparation and Contamination Removal, Technol. of Paper Recycling, (R. W. J. McKinney, ed.), p. 48, Blackie Academic Professional, London (1995)... 

Worldwide, approximately 38 percent of wastepaper is recycled however, the rate of recycling varies between countries with the United States at a 45 percent recycle rate. The United States is a major exporter of wastepaper, with the majority going to fiber-poor countries such as Korea and Japan that have much less virgin fiber. 

Fukazawa, H., Hoshino, K., Shiozawa, T., Matsushita, H., and Terao, Y., Identification and quantification of chlorinated bisphenol A in wastewater from wastepaper recycling plants, Chemosphere, 44, 973-979, 2001. 

Gehring M, Vogel D, Tennhardt L, Weltin D, Bihtewski B. (2004). Bisphenol A contamination of wastepaper, cellulose and recycled paper products. Waste Manag Environ, li, 293-300. 

The paper product consumption is the core of the chain. After utilization of a paper product by the consumer the paper product becomes wastepaper or postconsumer paper which is a quaternary fjtoresoMrce.Wastepapers from newsprint, books, and packaging materials can be collected and recycled. However, some of the paper products cannot be recovered for recycling. Hygienic papers such as toilet papers are disposed in toilets or papers for technical applications are long-term bonded in a technical product. Around 20% of wastepaper is not available for recycling regarding Ref. 67. 

Most single polymer plastics made from petroleum are relatively easy to recycle. Therefore, with an efficient collection, separation and recycling system, discarded plastics can be recycled into new products with only the addition of energy. The use of products manufactured from waste plastics constantly expands and includes floor carpets, flower vases, wastepaper baskets, park benches, picnic tables and plastic lumber. Also, recycled plastics can be used in WPG, so as to provide an additional market for recycled plastics. Trex, the largest supplier of WPG lumber, purchases an average of over 227,000 kg of plastic scrap each day. There is a list in the literature of some WPG products which use recycled plastics, produced commercially in the USA, examples of which are shown in Figure 5.8 [22, 23]. 

The majority of recycled paper (about 75%) is used with no attempt to remove inks, dyes, or pigments from the paper. The resultant pulp is of rather poor color and quality, and is used primarily as filler stock in paperboard. The bulk grades are the largest-volume wastepaper source. 

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