Recycled animal and plant materials

Birds that breed in cavities and reuse their nest sites often incorporate green parts of aromatic plants into their nests. Starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, prefer certain species of plants to others. House sparrows. Passer domesticus, incorporate neem (margosa) tree, Azadirachta indica, leaves into their nests. Extracts from neem leaves repel arthropods and inhibit oviposition (Sengupta, 1981). The aromatic plants are thought to fulfill an important function by keeping down populations of microbes in the birds nests (Mason and Clark, 1986). 

Vertebrate predator Invertebrate prey Compound(s) Reference 

Reef fishes Orange sponge Axinella sp. Indoles herbindole A Herb eta/., 1990 

Reef fishes Thalassoma Caribbean ascidian Macrolides didemnin B and Lindquist eta/.. 

Reef fishes Sea hares Stylocheirus Alkaloids malyngamide A and B, Paul and 

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