Recyclable fraction

Recycle fraction of material within nip = 0.15 Pe = Effective angle of internal friction = 50°... 

Some quantitative data regarding the contaminant concentrations in household waste fractions are available. In the paper and cardboard fraction, the quantities of heavy metals are relatively low compared to the total contamination by heavy metals in the total municipal waste stream. Newspapers, for example, contain very low concentrations of heavy metals compared to magazines, the color print of which contains heavy metals. Data from the National Household Waste Analysis conducted in Germany are listed in Table 9.2. The data reflect results that the separate collection of recyclables has on the concentrations of heavy metals and halogens in individual recyclable fractions and in the remaining waste steam. Before being mixed with the other waste, the organic fraction of household waste is as low as the fraction of... 

We can specify a single variable as known and solve for the remaining. three with the three equations. For example, if we specify the recycle, fraction, a, we can solve. Equations 4,91 for ]Va2, and compute... 

The block of inter-linked columns offers robust simulation of a combination of complex distillation columns, as heat-integrated columns, air separation system, absorber/stripper devices, extractive distillation with solvent recycle, fractionator/quench tower, etc. Because sequential solution of inter-linked columns could arise convergence problems, a more robust solution is obtained by the simultaneous solution of the assembly of modelling equations of different columns. 

The process shown in Fig. 11.3-4 consists cf three distillation colitmns and two recycles. A material balance aroimd coluttms C-2 and C-3 reveals that the fraction 1)1 is split into the fraction 62 (pitre high boiler b) and the recycle fraction 63. ... 

An important prerequisite of the process shown in Fig. 11.3-4 is that the amount of fraction D2, which has to be fractionated further in column C-3 into the recycle fractions D2> and 53, is small. This condition requires that the distance between points D2 and M2 in the concentration space is as large as possible. Hence, the boundary distillation line has to be strongly curved and the position of mixing point M2 has to be in the middle of the concentration space (Stichlmair and Fair 1998). 

For Pb-acid batteries, the return rate in the battery is more than 95%, the recoverable lead in the battery mass is about 60%, and the efficiency of a secondary smelter is roughly 95%. Considering all these factors, the material recycle fraction of the battery mass would be about 54%. 

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