Rectifier/transformer electrical efficiency

Much of the inefficiency in the cell results in heat generation a cell will heat itself almost to boiling when fed brine at about 40°C. The self-heating tends to lower the cell voltage because the electrical resistance of the cell decreases with increasing temperature. As modern rectification equipment (transformers, controllers, and rectifiers) is very efficient, the conversion of AC electricity into electrochemical products is essentially dependent on the cell efficiency. Typically, AC-kWhr/lb product = 1.03 DC-k Whr/lb product. 

When specifying the efficiency, it is important to define clearly which constituents the electrical power Pei is made up of, and how the system boundary for the efficiency calculation is set. It is not irrelevant, for example, whether for the calculation of the overall efficiency the efficiencies of rectifiers, transformers, or the energy demands for hydrogen conditioning have been included or not. 

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