Rectal drug administration advantages

Drugs administered by rectal route. Advantages of the rectal ronte for drug administration are as follows ... 

Drugs are most commonly administered orally, topically or by injection (both intravenous and intra muscular). However, another potentially useful though less common route is via the lower rectum. Advantages of rectal administration over oral administration are ... 

The administration of drugs by alternative routes avoids absorption and metabolic barriers that may be present in the GI tract. The routes can also provide systematic availability when oral administration is contraindicated due to a physiologic condition, or the route may provide for a concentration-time profile that approaches intravenous dosing profiles. The ophthalmic, nasal, pulmonary, buccal, transdermal, and rectal routes provide one or more of these advantages. 

The fact that rectal administration in humans only partially avoids delivery of the drug to the portal system has been suggested as an advantage of rectal administration of insulin over parenteral administration.Delivery of insulin to the portal blood system is suggested to be more physiological than delivery to the peripheral cells from subcutaneous injections. 

An advantage of rectal over oral administration of lipid-soluble drugs is partial avoidance of the first-pass effect. The extent to which the first-pass effect is avoided appears to be less in dogs than in humans. Because venous drainage of the rectum of the horse. 

Rectal administration avoids drug inactivation by stomach acid and digestive enzymes and about 50% of that absorbed bypasses the liver and goes directly into the systemic circulation. In some circumstances, it may be advantageous to administer a drug rectally, for example if a patient is unconscious or vomiting, or uncooperative in some way, but generally, it is considered an unpleasant method. 

Suppository is solid-like preparation made from drug and suitable bases for cavity administration. When inserted into cavities, they melt or soften, after which drug dissolution and absorption result in local or systemic effect. Whin rectal suppository is a common form which is usually used as laxatives. Administrated by rectum mucosa, suppositories possess many advantages compared with oral route. Firstly, it is a convenient administration way for infants or patients suffering from vomiting or gastrointestinal disturbances. 

The rectal route offers an alternative to the oral route of administration and offers some advantages in experimental work. Drug absorption from the rectum (of the... 

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