Recoil parameter characterization

In this review a summary of some of the recent progress in applying recoil radiotracers to three areas of dynamics will be outlined. No attempt has been made to be encyclopedic but rather selected examples have been chosen, often from the authors own work. The areas into which this review is divided are excited molecule dynamics kinetic parameter characterization and reaction mechanisms and stereochemistry. 

The angular distributions of the 0(3P2) fragments show the degree of correlation between the product recoil velocity (v) with the electric vector of the dissociating light and are typically characterized by the lab frame anisotropy parameter (/ ) given in the equation,52,53... 

This chapter summarizes many of the contributions that the recoil technique of generating excited radiotracer atoms in the presence of a thermal environment is making to the field of chemical dynamics. Specific topics discussed critically include characterization of the generation and behavior of excited molecules including fragmentation kinetics and energy transfer, measurement of thermal and hot kinetic parameters, and studies of reaction mechanisms and stereochemistry as a function of reaction energy. Distinctive features that provide unique approaches to dynamical problems are evaluated in detail and the complementarity with more conventional techniques is addressed. Prospects for future applications are also presented. 

The subsurface composition change expected in a homogeneous binary alloy due to recoil implantation or knock-in is controlled by the maximum energy transfer possible and is characterized by the parameter... 

Regarding the outcomes of the impact, the spreading mechanism and their governing parameters are extensively described in the literature. This phenomenon is characterized by four stages, namely the kinematic phase, the spreading phase, the recoiling phase and the equilibrium phase (see [6], for the characterization of each phase). Inertial forces dominate the initial kinematic phase where the diameter of the spreading lamella increases with the square root of time... 

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