Reciprocal interactions

Abstract—The geometrical conditions pertaining to closure, helicity, and interlayer distance between successive layers with circular cross-sections in carbon tubules (nanotubes) have been examined. Both the intralayer length of the C—C bonds and the interlayer distance between successive layers must vary with the radius of the layers. The division into groups of the sheets in nanotubes is found to be due to the reciprocal interaction of the interlayer distance variations and of the conditions required to maintain constancy of the pitch angle. 

Because coupling is a reciprocal interaction between two adjacent groups of protons, it s sometimes possible to tell which multiplets in a complex NMR spectrum are related to each other. If two multiplets have the same coupling constant, they are probably related, and the protons causing those multiplets are therefore adjacent in the molecule. 

Interactions between two fragments (i.e., two functional groups) in a molecule would be subject to efficient reciprocal perturbations, reminiscent of action and reaction in dynamics. Few smdies have paid attention to such reciprocal interactions. 

Keveme E.B. and de la Riva C. (1982). Pheromones in mice reciprocal interaction between the nose and brain. Nature 296, 148-150. 

The existence of such an interaction was first proposed by Hobson et al. (1975) in the form of their Reciprocal Interaction Model According to these authors, the REM-OFF neurons in the LC are inhibitory to the REM-ON neuronal population, whereas the REM-ON neurons exert an excitatory effect on the LC REM-OFF neurons. Cessation of neuronal activity of the LC neurons during REM sleep thus results in the withdrawal of the tonic inhibition from the REM-ON neurons,... 

FIGURE 52-1 Schematic representation of possible and known reciprocal interactions among hypothalamic, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and gonadal hormones. 

The above discussion has been restricted to experimental dissociation of implicitly distinct neural substrates, providing a useful heuristic by which to begin to untangle the neurochemical substrates of attention. It is worth noting that rich and reciprocal interactions exist between monoaminergic (and other) neurotransmitters. Investigation into these interactions will be necessary in order to obtain a fuller picture of the necessary, sufficient and exclusive neurochemical mechanisms of attention. 

Reciprocal Interaction Between Cholinergic REM-On and Aminergic REM-Off Cells... 

---