Rechargeable Batteries Irrespective of Power Capability

Two of the rechargeable batteries, namely the Pb-add and Ni-Cd, have impressively long histories. The Pb-acid batteries were first manufactured as early as 1860, whereas the Ni-Cd batteries were first manufactured around 1910. The other rechargeable batteries such as zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn-MnOj), Ni-MH, and Li are relatively young, but they are widely deployed in portable devices and sensors. The Li and Ni-MH batteries are best suited for portable electronic components, where rehability, longevity, and uninterrupted power sources are the principal requirements. Table 1.4 describes the performance capabihties and important characteristics of rechargeable batteries widely used to power portable electronic devices and sensors. 

Furthermore, these values are for the commercially available rechargeable batteries, which were designed, developed, and tested before 2000. Obviously, one will find further improvement in the characteristics and performance capabilities of rechargeable batteries because of rapid advances of the Ni-MH and Li batteries designed and developed after 2005. One will notice significant performance improvement, particularly in the case of Li batteries, which come in four distinct categories Li (monopolar), Li (bipolar), Li (polymer), and Li (using polymeric electrolyte). 

Power density Good Excellent Average Excellent 

Note The values presented in this table are estimates and are accurate within 5%. 

None of the rechargeable batteries summarized in this table possesses the same degree of the principal characteristics that are essential in a rechargeable battery. In the case of primary batteries, the user can make select a battery to satisfy requirements for cost, recharging facilities, continuous or intermittent use, and low- or high-temperature application. 

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