Receptors participating

At least three regions of the receptor participate in the process of dimer formation. One of them is unspecific and is made up of the sequences of hydrophobic amino acids of the LBD. These form hydrophobic contact surfaces that facilitate, in a general way, the interactions among proteins. The other two are specific sequences of amino acids. One of them is situated immediately after the DBD. It is comprised of a group of some 20 amino acids, and its capacity to intervene in the dimer is independent of binding to the hormone. The other dimerization region is found inside the LBD. It is poorly located, and it is possible that noncontiguous sequences of amino acids participate in it. It is exhibited only when the receptor has been already bound to a hormone. 

The other transactivator domain, TAF2, is found immersed in the LBD and acts only when the hormone-receptor complex is formed. A sequence of 15 well-conserved amino acids from the different members of the family of nuclear receptors, and situated very close to the carboxyl end of the receptors, participates in it (Gruber et al. 2002 Nilsson et al. 2001). 

Marin R, Guerra B, Morales A, Diaz M, Alonso R (2003) An estrogen membrane receptor participates in the neuroprotective action of estradiol against amyloid /S-peptidei 4o-induced toxicity in SN56 neurons. J Neurochem 85 1180-1189... 

Postsynaptic Hj- and Hj-receptors are responsible for a variety of processes in the CNS. Hi-receptors mediate the maintenance of wakeful states, while Hj- and Hj-receptors participate in the regulation of blood pressure, body temperature, fluid homeostasis, and pain sensation. Presynaptic Hj-receptors serve as feedback inhibitors of the release of histamine, norepinephrine, and other neurotransmitters. 

Structure and receptor participation of periplanone A, the sex pheromone of the American cockroach. Chemical Letters 3 517-520. 

Palazzo, E., Marabese, I., de Novellis, V., Oliva, P., Rossi, F., Berrino, L., Rossi, F., Maione, S. Metabotropic and NMDA glutamate receptors participate in the cannabinoid antinociception, Neuropharmacology 2001, 40, 319-326. 

Bi receptors appear to have a very limited distribution in mammalian tissues. Known functional roles for Bi receptors are limited. Studies with knockout mice that lack functional Bi receptors have provided evidence that these receptors participate in the inflammatory response (Pesquero, 2000). 

In addition, apolipoprotein E is a plasma protein that serves as a ligand for LDL receptors and, through its interaction with some receptors, participates in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids among various cells of the... 

The neurotrophins and their receptors are included in this introductory chapter on ligands and receptors participating in cellular signalling. References are provided so that the interested reader has access to the literature, to give him or her a more comprehensive view of this interesting field, since signalling in the neuronal system is not treated explicitly in this book. 

Receptors participating in sensory perception are G-protein-coupled heptahelical receptors, expressed in cells specialized for sensory responses. The mechanisms involved in sensory signal transduction are basically the same as in hormonal signal transmission, although the signals are very different. 

Some ligands induce dimerization of the receptors to which they bind. Such a receptor contains an extracellular domain that binds the ligand, a transmembrane region, and a cytosolic domain that either binds or contains a protein kinase. The growth-hormone receptor participates in an example of this type of signal-transduction pathway. Dimerization of the receptor activates Janus kinase 2, a protein kinase associated with the intracellular part of the receptor. The kinase, in turn, phosphorylates and activates a transcription factor called STAT5. 

Desciibe the two distinct means in winch chemokine receptors participate in the pathogenesis of HAD. 

McCoy KL, Matveyeva M, CarJisle SJ, Cabral GA (1999) Canna-binoid inhibition of the processing of intact lysozyme by macrophages Evidence for CB2 receptor participation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 289 1620-1625. 

Taste bud cells in the mouth are believed to respond to the taste of glutamate through the metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR4 (Chaudhari and Roper, 1998). However, there is evidence for ionotropic glutamate receptors, probably NMDA receptors, in taste bud cells (Chaudhari and Roper, 1998). It is not clear whether the latter receptors participate in taste transduction at the apical (tasting) end of the cell or are involved in synaptic transmission at the basolateral (neural) end of the cell. 

Cabral GA, Harmon KN, Carlisle SJ (2001) Cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of inducible nitric oxide production by rat microglial cells evidence for CB 1 receptor participation. Adv Exp Med Biol 493 207-214... 

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