Rec.-Butyl alcohol

Fig. 6. Rate constants for dehydration of butyl alcohols into butene over HZSM-5 under steady-state conditions and subsequent desorption of butene when the helium-alcohol flow is switched to pure helium flow, (a) rec-Butyl alcohol at 369 K ( ) sample I (A) sample 2 (O) sample 4. (b) Isobutyl alcohol at 397 K ( ) sample 2. The horizontal lines on the extreme right denote the reaction rate constants after returning to the previous helium-butyl alcohol flow.

Polystyrene beads (PS) are employed as physical templates for macropore. The emulsifier-tee emulsion polymerization method used here allows for the synthesise of nearly monodisperse latex beads of PS in the size of ca. 100 nm [10]. PS beads were prepared using 700 ml degassed water, 54 ml styrene monomer, 0.65 g potassium persulhite as initiator, and 20 ml divinylbenzene as cross-linkmg agent. PS beads were obtained at 70°C and 350 rpm, and dried under ambient condition. Aluminum fec-butoxide and stearic acid were separately dissolved in parent alcohol,. rec-butyl alcohol, at room tempature, and then the two solutions were mixed. Appropriate amount of HNO solution was dropped into the mixture at a rate of I ml/min to acidify and hydrolyze the aluminum precursor. PS beads were added into aluminum hydroxide solution after stirring for 10 h. The final pH of the reactant was approximately 7. Organic templates, both stearic acid and PS bead, were easily removed tern dried aluminum hydroxide by calcination. The overall synthetic procedure is as shown in Fig. 1. 

Problem 18.3 (a) Carbon monoxide converts a sulfuric acid solution of each of the following into 2,2-dimethyibutanoic acid 2-methyl-2-butene, ferr-pentyl alcohol, neopentyl alcohol. Suggest a likely mechanism for this method of synthesizing carboxylic acids, (b) / Butyl alcohol and rec-butyl alcohol give the same product. What would you expect it to be ... 

Toluene, xylenes, phenols, cresols, resorcinol, onitrotoluene, chlorobenzene and naphthalene have been condensed in the same way with isopropyl alcohol, rec-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and cyclohexanol. 

The name rec-butyl alcohol defines a sp>ecific structure but the name r< c-pentyl alcohol is ambiguous. Explain. 

H. Berger (Koninklijke/Shell Laboratorium, Amsterdam) Concerning the effect of cyanides on metal catalysis (deactivation and formation of oxygenated products), what are your arguments against the explanation that the metal ion becomes completely inactive, while the products arise from a mechanism analogous to that proposed by Berger [Rec. Trav. Chim. 82, 733 (1963)] for the oxidation in tert-butyl alcohol with excess mercaptan relative to base, Did you check that no hydrolysis of disulfide occurs in the presence of cyanide ... 

PROBLEM 7.53 Devise a synthetic route that will convert (R) -t -butyl alcohol into (S)-rec-hutyl alcohol. 

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