Real Potentials of Ions in Electrolyte Solutions

The real energy of ion solvation, af, defined by Eq. (2), expresses the change in ion energy upon its transfer from a gas phase into a solution. Unlike the chemical energy of solvation, psi, the value of the real energy of solvation, also in the standard state, can be calculated from experimental data using the formula, e.g., for the hydration of the cation  

Equation (8) may be easily found from the standard emf of the cell  

Expression (8) can be used to calculate the real energy of ions in any solvent, provided the standard potential of the calomel electrode, and the standard potentials of the elements and the A ° P° (Hg, Cl ) under study 

Applying the condenser or ionization methods (Section IV), the voltage E is determined as a difference in the compensating voltages of the following two cells  

The difference in the voltages expresses the formal real energy of transfer  

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