Reagents catalyst

Chemists usually represent reactions by a reaction equation that gives the structures of the starting materials and of the products of a reaction, and, optionally, information on reagents, catalysts, solvents, temperature, etc., as well as data on the yield of the reaction (Figure 3-1). 

Entry Substituents Aromatic reactant Reagent, catalyst Yield" (%) Ref... 

Polymer supported reagents, catalysts, protecting groups, and mediators can be used in place of the corresponding small molecule materials (Sherrington, 1991 Sundell and Nasman, 1993). The reactive species is tightly bound to a macromolecular support which immobilizes it. This generally makes toxic, noxious, or corrosive materials much safer. The use of polystyrene sulfonic acid catalyst for the manufacture of methyl r-butyl... 

Rogers and Hallam (1991) provide other examples of chemical approaches to inherent safety, involving synthesis routes, reagents, catalysts and solvents. 

In cases that chiral products are formed from achiral reactants, racemic mixtures of products will be produced in the absence of chiral influence (reagent, catalyst, or solvent). 

In an enantioselective reaction, a chiral reagent, catalyst, or solvent must assert an influence on the course of the reaction. 

Allyl halides, reduction reactions, 31 Aluminum chloride reagent/catalyst alkyl halide reduction, 30-31 secondary alkyl alcohol reduction, 14-15... 

Sherrington DC (2001) Polymer-supported reagents, catalysts, and sorbents evolution and exploitation - a personalized view. J Polym Sci Pol Chem 39 2364-2377... 

Hodge, P. (2005). Synthesis of Organic Compounds Using Polymer-Supported Reagents, Catalysts, and/or Scavengers in Benchtop Flow Systems. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44, 8542-8553. 

Merck-Schuchardt, Chiralica — Reagents, catalysts and building blocks for enantioselective synthesis Resolving Agents, E Merck Co., Germany, 1985. 

Partial or complete separation of enantiomers within a racemic mixture as a result of unequal rates of reaction with another agent. The latter reagent, catalyst, solvent, or micelle must itself exhibit chirality, resulting in its stereoselective or stereospecific action on the racemic compound. 

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