Reactor coaxial cylindrical

The extended light source may also be placed at the axis of a reactor composed of two coaxial cylindrical tubes (Figure 12). The emitted radiant power is absorbed by the reaction system contained in the annular reactor volume. Irradiance diminishes in a filled reactor with increasing radius (Eq. 36), this geometry is called the negative geometry of irradiation [2,3]. 

A screw conveyor takes the comminuted raw material into a coaxial cylindrical chamber. On the left-hand side, this chamber features a reciprocating annular piston actuated hydraulically at a frequency of 120 strokes per minute to form a plug of compressed raw material serving as a pressure lock between the ambient atmosphere and the hydrolysis reactor. Due to its high frequency of operation, this feeder is likened to a machine gun. On the right-hand side, the chamber features a choke applying an adjustable pressure on the plug of raw material, and... 

Extended light sources may be installed around a tubular reactor or in the axis of an annular irradiated reaction volume. In the first case, an annular (or coaxial) radiation field focalized on the axis of the tubular reactor is created (Figure 10), and, in reaction mixtures of very low absorbance, irradiance as a function of the radius of the cylindrical reactor shows highest values in the axis of the reactor (positive geometry of irradiation, Figure 11 [2,3]). 

Figure 10. Cross section of a cylindrical reactor with a coaxial radiation field (a) cross section perpendicular to the axis of the reactor (ft) cross section along the axis of the reactor (rR = reactor radius) [2, 3].

Cylindrical photochemical reactors placed in coaxial radiation fields are often used for carrying out photochlorination reactions, but their most important application remains in the area of water sterilization [52-54],... 

Figure 15. Cross section along the plane perpendicular to the axis of a photochemical reactor using (a) an annular excimer lamp of coaxial (positive) irradiation geometry and (b) of a combination of cylindrical and annular excimer lamps (see also [60],...

The way membranes (in various forms, i.e., cylindrical, coaxial, flat-sheet, spiral-wound, and hollow fiber, etc.) couple with the bioreactor depends on the role the membrane performs. As with catalytic and pervaporation membrane reactors, the simplest configuration consists of two separate but coupled units, one being the bioreactor the other the membrane module. The biocatalyst (e.g., enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, mammalian cells) could, in this case, be suspended in a solution and continuously circulated through the... 

Figure 2.7. Tubular turbulent apparatus of cylindrical (a, c) and divergent-convergent (b) designs with coaxial (a, b) and radial (c) methods of reagents introduction. Ind - introduction of indicator. Reactors working regimes P - plan front T - torch Z - drift regime.

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