Reactive nitrogen oxide species

Fig. 7. fhe pfiotochianistry of reactive nitrogen oxide species. Double-lined arrows represent primary reactive pathways and single-lined arrows represent secondary reactive pathways. 

The conditions to induce strand breaks, oxidation and deamination of DNA require high concentrations of reactive nitrogen oxide species or NO which may not be physiologically relevant (Laval et al. 1997). In vivo, antioxidants and reactive nitrogen oxide species scavengers, such as ascorbate and reduced glutathione, are abundant decreasing the chance that these chemical species directly modify DNA. 

Although the reactivities of a- and y-tocopherol towards reactive oxygen species are similar, this is not the case for reactive nitrogen oxide species. As... 

Atmospheric chemical reactions convert NOx to nitric acid, inorganic nitrate salts, organic nitrates, and peroxyacetyl nitrate (see Chapter 16). The principal reactive nitrogen oxide species in the troposphere are NO, NO2, and HNO3. These species cycle among each other, as shown in Figure 15.9. Although NO is the primary form in which NOx released to the atmosphere, the conversion of NO to NO2 is relatively rapid in the troposphere. 

Takahama, U. Hirota, S. Kawagishi, S. Effects of pH on nitrite-induced formation of reactive nitrogen oxide species and their scavenging by phenolic antioxidants in human oral cavity. Free Radical Res. 2009,43, 250-261. 

Sidorkina, O., Espey, M.G., Miranda, K.M., Wink, D.A., Laval, J. (2003). Inhibition of poly(ADP-RIBOSE) polymerase (PARP) by nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen oxide species. Free Radic. 

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