Reactive Additives Used to Make a Better Protective Film

3 Reactive Additives Used to Make a Better Protective Film 

the influence of adding Oj, N, Ar, or CO2 to LiAsF -THF on lithium cycling efficiency has been examined [64]. 

Carbon dioxide has been proposed as an additive to improve the performance of lithium batteries [60]. Aurbach et al. [61] studied the film formed on lithium in electrolytes saturated with CO 2, and using in situ FTIR found that LI2COJ is a major surface species. This means that the formation of a stable Li2CO, film on the lithium surface may improve cyclabihty [62]. Osaka and co-workers [63] also studied the dependence of the lithium efficiency on the plating substrate in LiC104-PC. The addition of CO 2 resulted in an increase in the efficiency when the substrate was Ni or Ti, but no effect was observed with Ag or Cu substrates. 

Tekehara and co-workers [67] tried to modify the native film of lithium by an acid-base reaction. HF, HI, H3PO4, and HCl were selected as acids, because of the 

Sulfur is known to be easily reducible in nonaqueous solvents and its reduction products exist at various levels of reduction of polysulfide radical anions (S . ) and dianions (Sm ) [73]. Recently- -senhai d and co-workers [74] have examined the effect of the addition of polysulfide to LiClO -PC. Lithium is cycled on an Ni substrate with Q =2.1 C cm and cycling currents of 1 mA cm . The cycling efficiency in PC with polysulfide is higher than that without an additive. The lithium deposition morphology is compact and smooth in PC with added polysulfide, whereas it is dendritic in PC alone. 

The lithium deposition morphology is compact and smooth in PC with added polysulfide, whereas it is dendritic in PC alone. 

We have examined the effects of adding metal chloride (MClj, CuCl, CUCI2, AICI3, and NiCl2) on the lithium cycling efficiency in 1 mol L1C104-PC. The results are shown in Table 13.5. 

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