Reactions with Oxygen-Containing Gases and the Unified Mechanism

1 Carbon Reactions with Oxygen-Containing Gases and the Unified Mechanism 

In the past five decades there has been a large volume of literature in the study of carbon reactions with oxygen-containing gases, and the central issue is the determination of the active sites on carbon so that the kinetics of carbon can be correlated for different forms of carbon based on the active sites existing on these carbons. Since the groundbreaking work of Laine, Vastola, and Walker [7], this area has been somewhat dormant until recently, when further advances have been made [4-6,8,9,73-76]. 

There were still several important experimental facts that remain poorly explained regarding the carbon gasification reactions. The kinetic behavior of 

Nevertheless, the drawbacks of INDO semiempirical methods of Chen et al. 

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