Reaction with nitrogen gas

The reverse reaction to ammonia synthesis, the decomposition to nitrogen and hydrogen, is used in the nitriding of iron and carried out industrially at temperatures around 800 K and atmospheric pressure to produce surface-hardening. This dissolution reaction must also play a part in the synthesis of ammonia by the industrial process. The attempt to nitride iron by reaction with nitrogen gas is very slow under atmospheric pressure, presumably due to the stability of the nitrogen molecule. 

The first dinitrogen complex, characterized in 1965, resulted From the reduction of commercial ruthenium trichloride [containing some Ru(lV)] by hydrazine hydrate. The pentuammine(dinitrogen)ruthenium(Il) cation that formed could be isolated in a variety of salts.50 Soon other methods were found to synthesize the complex, such as the decomposition of the pentaammineazido complex, [Ru NH3)3N,Jj+, and even direct reaction with nitrogen gas ... 

It is also possible to mix nitrogen with controlled amounts of hydrogen, hydrocarbons, and/or ammonia to produce atmospheres capable of most, if not all, controlled-atmosphere treatments. The only exceptions arise when metals containing strong nitride formers are to be treated, in which case a similar atmosphere based on argon is preferred. The actual choice will depend on the duration of the treatment compared with the rate of reaction with nitrogen gas. In fact, the rate of uptake of nitrogen from N2 gas is much lower than when ammonia is present as the uncracked molecular species. 

Nitriding. The production of nitrides from a porous metal shape, by direct reaction with nitrogen gas infiltrating the pores. 

No reaction with nitrogen oxide Phosphorus burns leaving an equal volume of gas (nitrogen)... 

In World War II, foe Germans made use of otherwise unusable airplane parts by grinding them up into powdered aluminum. This was made to react with ammonium nitrate to produce powerful bombs. The products of this reaction were nitrogen gas, steam, and aluminum oxide. If 10.00 kg of ammonium nitrate is mixed with 10.00 kg of powdered aluminum, how much heat is generated ... 

A novel variation of this reaction uses nitrogen gas as the nitrogen source in the amide. The reaction of benzoyl chloride with TiCl4/Li.Me3SiCl/CsF and N2, gave a 77% yield of benzamide. ... 

The hydrogen for reaction with nitrogen in the air is obtained by reacting methane (from natural gas found in underground deposits) with water, as shown in the above equation. 

Scheme 6.1 shows a series of reactions that starts with the electron-initiated cation formation with nitrogen gas in the positive ion mode. 

X-ray analysis results show the formation of MgN as a combustion product of Mg-GAP pyrolants. The reaction occurs with nitrogen gas formed by the decomposition of GAP according to ... 

The step 1 product (10 mg) dissolved in 50 ml THF was placed in a high-pressure reaction vessel purged with nitrogen gas. Sodium methoxide in methanol was then added in 150 mol% excess and stirred while the reactor was purged with nitric oxide at 15 psi. Thereafter, the mixture stirred at ambient temperature for 24 hours and was then purged and the mixture precipitated in hexane. After filtering and drying, the product was isolated. 

The reaction vessel is purged with nitrogen gas and heated up to 60°C at an ethene pressure of 4.6 MPa. Then, an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and an aqueous solution of sodium erysorbate aqueous solution are added. The catalyst dosage is repeated at the end of the polymerization (9). Vinyl EVA copolymer emulsions can be directly produced with a content of solids of 65-75% (10). 

There are a limited number of techniques used for the synthesis of ternary and quaternary nitrides. In fact, the vast majority of these nitrides have been synthesized using only two methods (1) the reaction of a metal nitride with a metal or another metal nitride and (2) the reaction of two metal powders with nitrogen gas or ammonia. The first method has been the most common approach (Table 8.1, Reaction 1). Since these reactions usually require high temperatures (1073-2073 K), the inductive effect is Used to effect product formation. Li3N is a favored starting material due to its stability and relatively low melting temperature (mp = 1086 K), which... 

European regulations state that all new cars have to be fitted with catalytic converters as part of their exhaust system (Figure 7.15). Car exhaust fumes contain pollutant gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) formed from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons in the fuel, and nitrogen(n) oxide (NO) formed by the reaction of nitrogen gas and oxygen gas from the air. The following reactions proceed of their own accord but very slowly under the conditions inside an exhaust. 

Synthesis of A-(ferf-Butylsulfinyl)imines (3) General Procedure To a stirred solution of aldehyde 1(1 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added 2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (2 1.5 mmol) under inert conditions in a microwave tube. Amberlist-15 (20 mg) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to 80 °C (constant microwave irradiation 1-2 W power and 1-10 psi, with nitrogen gas cooling) under microwave irradiation for 40 min (for aromatic aldehydes and for aliphatic aldehydes all the reactants were mix together in THF and stirred at 40 °C for 10 min). The mixture was cooled to room temperature, then the catalyst was filtered through filter paper and washed with EtOAc. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude mass, which was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (hexanes-EtOAc) to afford pure 3. 

The method involves the purging of S02 from an acidified sample with nitrogen gas for about 1 h. The S02 is trapped in a solution of Fe3+ and 1,10-phenanthroline. The Fe2+ produced by the reaction with S02 is detected at 510 nm. 

Further stages are required to assure conversion and to remove carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide from the gas mixture. A mixture of ammonia and synthesis gas (CO + H2) results from the reaction with nitrogen so the two must be separated and the synthesis gas recycled. 

A benzene (240 ml) solution of 1,4-benzoquinone (4.8 g, 44.4 mmol), o-chlorobenzal-dehyde (20 ml, 346.7 mmol), and benzophenone (2.5 mmol) was bubbled with nitrogen gas for 15 min. Then the mixture was irradiated with a high pressure mercury lamp under a nitrogen atmosphere for 5 days. After the reaction, the solvent was removed and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel to give o-chlorobenzoyl-l,4-dihydroxyben-zene in 78% yield [47]. 

Diazomethane is a toxic, explosive yellow gas that dissolves in ether and is fairly safe to use in ether solutions. The reaction of diazomethane with carboxylic acids probably involves transfer of the acid proton, giving a methyldiazonium salt. This diazonium salt is an excellent methylating agent, with nitrogen gas as a leaving group. 

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