Reaction with alkylene oxide

The major functional groups in lignin are methoxy, phenolic hydroxy, aliphatic hydroxy, and carboxy groups. During reaction with alkylene oxide, most of the functional groups of lignin, besides methoxy groups, become... 

The amino groups (-NH2) generated by the reaction with alkylene oxides (PO, EO) hydroxyalkyl groups, transforming the initial amine into an amino polyol (reaction 13.2). 

Phenolic detergents by reaction of Cg-Cig alkyl phenols with formaldehyde and then reaction with alkylene oxide [126]. 

Finally, conversion of a ketone into the corresponding a-selenoalkyl-lithium and subsequent reaction with alkylene oxide and Jones oxidation results in homologation to furnish an a,/8-unsaturated ketone (Scheme 26). ... 

The hydroxyl groups can be alkylated in the usual manner. Hydroxyalkyl ethers may be prepared with alkylene oxides and chloromethyl ethers by reaction with formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride (86). The terminal chlorides can be easily converted to additional ether groups. 

The reaction of alkylene oxides or epoxides with sulfur dioxide to give cyclic sulfites is effected by carrying out the reaction at about 150°C for 4 hr at 2000 atm of S02 [28]. Pyridine is used in small amounts as a polymerization inhibitor. In addition, it has been reported that free radical-producing catalysts give improved yields and allow the reaction to be carried out at lower temperatures [28] (Eq. 19). 

Diethyl 2-hydroxyethyl phosphate was prepared from the reaction of diethyl hydrogen phosphate with ethylene oxide. This is shown in Eq 3a of Fig. 13. An average of 1.3 moles of ethylene oxide added per mole of the diethyl hydrogen phosphate. Similar results were obtained when using pure dibutyl hydrogen phosphate (36). Gas chromatography of the silinated compounds obtained from the reaction of dibutyl hydrogen phosphate and ethylene oxide shows compounds with one, two and three ethylene oxide adducts are formed in this reaction. The reaction of alkylene oxides with... 

The reaction of starch with bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyleneurea condensed with cationic poly(urea amides) and cationic polyamides was used to produce paper sizes, adhesives, and textile-finishing agents.2616 Cationic starch that has been prepared from starch and cyanamide was patented for sizing wood and for synthetic wool fibers and fabrics.2296,2298,2662 Reaction of starch urethanes with alkylene oxides and aldehydes was reported for use as hardenable compounds in waterproof films, coatings, and adhesives.2663... 

Tetrafunctional starters (such as pentaerythritol and ethylene diamine) are used to a small extent for the synthesis of high MW poly ethers. An interesting tetrafunctional starter is ethylene diamine. In the first step the alkylene oxide reacts with the -N-H groups forming a tetraol. By the polymerisation reaction of alkylene oxides initiated by the tetraol formed in situ, a high MW polyether tetraol is obtained ... 

The random copolymerisation of THF with alkylene oxides by activated monomer mechanism is characterised by reactions 7.27-7.30 [54]. 

The polyols for rigid foams (referred to as rigid polyols) discussed before (Chapters 13 and 14), are based on the alkoxylation of different polyols or polyamines, commercialised in a relatively high purity form. Some important starters for rigid polyols are obtained by the synthesis of the starter in situ, before the alkoxylation reaction, by the condensation reaction of some aromatic compounds (phenols, melamine and so on) with aldehydes (mainly formaldehyde), followed by the reaction of the resulting condensate with alkylene oxides. Some important rigid polyols based on the condensates mentioned are ... 

AMINOBENZENESULFONIC ACID or p-AMINOBENZENESULFONIC ACID (121-57-3) CsH NOjS HjO Decomposes on contact with strong acids, forming sulfur trioxide. The aqueous solution is acidic reaction with strong bases. Incompatible with alkylene oxides, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, amides, ammonia, epichlorohydrin, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, oxidizers, vinyl acetate. On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Purple-K-Powder), Halon , water spray, or CO2 extinguishers. 

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