Reaction ionotropic

Entrapment methods have been used almost exclusively to immobilize plant cells (17). They can be classified into three general groups (24,25) a. gel formation by ionic crosslinking of a charged polymer (ionotropic) b. gel formation by cooling of a heated polymer (thermal), and c. gel formation by chemical reaction (cross-linking, radical polymerization). 

Dopamine receptors are G-protein coupled receptors. After a receptor has been activated, this G-protein may activate or inhibit the second messenger system causing certain biochemical reactions to occur. In contrast to the ionotropic receptors that are linked to an ion-channel and respond very fast to activation by a neurotransmitter (millisecond processes), G-protein coupled receptors mediate slower responses (seconds to minutes) and in general have a modulatory function on other signal transduction processes.4... 

The neurotransmitter, glutamate, is a major excitatory neurotransmitter. Glutamate receptors are called ionotropic receptors. The effect of glutamate is to cause charged ions such as Na and Ca " to pass through a channel in the centre of the receptor complex, which results in a depolarization of the plasma membrane and the generation of an electrical current that is propagated down the dendrites and axons of the neuron. Kandel found that cyclic AMP increased when these effects were retained in the neurons, to provide a chemical foundation of short-term memory. Cyclic AMP activates an enzyme, protein kinase, which acts like a neuronal switch. Serotonin increases this reaction. 

Hot-melt extrusion process In situ polymerization Interfacial cross-linking/reaction Interfacial polymerization Ionotropic gelation... 

Rate of ionotropic gelation reaction, shape, and size of particulate beads depend on pH of cross-linking solution. 

When C3 is the only position open, the C3 electrophilic substitutions obviously occur exclusively. The following Vilsmeier-Haack reaction was applied to the synthesis of a novel class of glycine site antagonists of the ionotropic A -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor. ... 

By making use of these considerations Gutmann and Lindqvist s extended the Bronsted theory by replacing the term prototropic reactions by ionotropic reactions . In general solvent systems are classified as a) cationotropic, h) anionotropic. 

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