Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis treatment

Ntoso, K.A., Tomaszewski, J.E., Jimenez, S.A. and Neilson, E.G. (1986). Penicillamine-induced rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis successful treatment of two patients and a review of the literature. Amer. J. Kidney Dis. 8 159-163. 

The optimal treatment of many types of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is not known since it is difficult to find sufficient number of patients to conduct well designed and credible clinical trials. 

Chronic renal failure as a result of toxic or environmental exposures usually involve progressive chronic interstitial nephropathy, which, in addition to prolonged analgesic abuse, may result from chronic lithium ingestion, heavy metal exposure or treatment with cyclosporine [2]. Exposure to hydrocarbons may accentuate the renal insufficiency in patients with preexisting renal disease or result in the appearance of the nephrotic syndrome or a form a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. 

Other adverse effects are caused by immunological reactions, of which the drug-induced lupus syndrome is the most common. Hydralazine also can result in an illness that resembles serum sickness, hemolytic anemia, vasculitis, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis the mechanism of these autoimmune reactions is unknown. The drug-induced lupus syndrome usually occurs after at least 6 months of continuous treatment with hydralazine, and its incidence is related to dose, sex,... 

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