Raman spectroscopy radial breathing mode

Raman spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques for the characterization of nanocarbons. It is also a convenient technique because it involves almost no sample preparation and leaves the material unharmed. There are four characteristic bands for CNTs The band at 200 cm-1 is called radial breathing mode (RBM). It depends on the curvature and can be used to calculate the diameter of SWCNTs [61]. The relatively broad D-band at 1340 cm-1 is assigned to sp2-related defects and disorder in the graphitic structure of the material. The tangential C-C stretching mode is located at -1560 cm 1 (G-band). The second order mode of the D-band can be observed (G -band,... 

Fig. 7.2 Most important Raman lines of single-wall carbon nanotubes as excited with three different laser lines. RBM radial breathing mode, D defect-induced line, G graphitic line, D2 overtone of D-line, G2 overtone of G-line. The thin straight lines indicate the dispersion of the modes. All spectra in one slot were normalized to unit height (Reprinted with permission from Kuzmany H, Plank W, Schaman CH, Pfeifer R, Hasi F, Simon F, Rotas G, Pagona G, Tagmatarchis N (2007) Raman scattering from nanomaterials encapsulated into single-wall carbon nanotubes. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 38 (6) 704—713, John Wiley Sons, Ltd.)...

Low-wavenumber Raman bands of MWCNT were assigned in terms of modes from coupling of radial breathing modes of individual tubes via van der Waals interactions.279 The Raman spectra of MWCNT prepared at 470°C showed the coexistence of graphite and amorphous carbon units.280 Micro-Raman spectra were used to characterise 13C-labelled MWCNT.281 The Raman spectra of MWCNT s subjected to plasma-etching were used to identify structural defects introduced thereby.282 Raman spectroscopy was used to compare the structures of MWCNT s prepared by high-temperature arc and low-temperature CVD methods. The former had a more graphite-like structure.283 Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to characterise MWCNT obtained by electrophoretic deposition.284... 

Raman spectroscopy was used to provide evidence of the interaction between CNTs and the PANi in the composite fibers prepared here (Figure 9). The important features of the Raman spectra for singe walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) (Figure 9(f)) occur in the range 200-2700 cm . The radial breathing mode (RBM) is observed in the range 170-300 cm and gives information on nanotube diameter and chirality. 

Metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs have also been readily characterized by resonance Raman spectroscopy. The radial breathing mode (RBM) in the Raman spectrum of SWCNTs... 

Raman spectroscopy of these samples shows the characteristic radial breathing mode (RBM) of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) [10] at 283 and 267 cm together with the D and G bands at both 1592 and 1283 cm (Figure 15.8). On the basis of a general relationship,... 

Raman spectroscopy is often used to assess the quality of CNTs. -A typical Raman spectrum of a CNT mat or dispersion shows a few characteristic bands. These include the "graphene-like or G-band observed between 1,500 and 1,600 cm , the "disorder-induced or D-band observed at 1,300 cm , and the radial breathing mode [RBM] observed between 100 and 500 cm . A comparison between the G-and D-bands from two samples has been reported to indicate their relative purity.Raman spectra taken for SDS-stabilized dispersions of HiPCO and Carbolex SWCNTs are given in Figure 6.13. 

Raman spectroscopy is a method of characterization very often used for carbonaceous compounds. In the case of nanotubes, two principal modes are very useful to their characterization (Figure 3.45). The first is the radial breathing mode (RBM) at 150 cm It is characteristic of sp carbons of carbon nanotubes because it corresponds to the vibration of all the carbon... 

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