Radionuclide therapeutic

Siegel HJ, Luck JV Jr., and Siegel ME (2004) Advances in radionuclide therapeutics in orthopaedics. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 12 55-64. 

Metals continue to play an important role in radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine. Radiopharmaceuticals are drugs that contain a radionuclide and are used for imaging if the radionuclide is a photon emitter (gamma (7) or positron (/3+)) or for... 

Radiotherapy generally involves cell destruction, requiring some form of particle emission on decay and a half-life between 1 and 10 days. The choice of a particular therapeutic application determines the type of particle emission (a, ft, or Auger e ), and the energy and half-life of the radionuclide to be used. Considerations include time for delivery of the radiopharmaceutical to its in vivo target, location of the target (tumor surface, tumor cell cytoplasm, tumor cell nucleus) and size of the tumor. The reader is directed to a number of reviews on this subject.15-22... 

Rh is a ft emitting radionuclide suitable for therapeutic applications. It has a 35.4-h half-life and emits 0.566 MeV and 0.248 MeV ft particles and a 319 keV gamma photon. It is a reactor-produced radionuclide that is also potentially available from the separation of fission products in... 

Sr, as the strontium ion (Sr2+), is used for pain palliation in patients with metastatic bone disease. The strontium ion is a calcium ion mimic, being taken up in metabolically active bone such as cancer. 89Sr is a therapeutic radionuclide with a half-life of 50.53 days, emitting a 1.49 MeV [3 particle on decay. Several recent reviews discuss the use of radionuclides and their complexes as pain palliation agents in metastatic bone disease.18,212-215... 

Catsch, A. (1962). Principles and trends in therapeutic removal of internally deposited radionuclides, Health Phys. 8, 725. 

The BMEDA method shares some of the same features as the HMPAO method such as good in vitro and in vivo stability with a variety of preformed liposome formulations, and the need for coencapsulation of glutathione. In addition, an advantage of the BMEDA-labeling method is that it can also be used for labeling liposomes with therapeutic rhenium radionuclides (22). Currently, for the BMEDA method, there is no commercially available kit. Also the BMEDA chemical is not currently commercially available and must be synthesized. 

The most frequent cardiovascular effects of an acute overdose are tachycardia and hypotension. The hypotension is partially related to a relative volume depletion, but correction does not bring complete resolution. Even though radionuclide and catheterization studies have shown that TCAs do not impair LVF, either at therapeutic plasma levels or with overdose, data are not available for victims who died. One study describes two cases of fatal overdose in which ventricular pacing produced regular ventricular depolarization but minimal cardiac output, suggesting that at very high concentrations, TCAs might directly impair the myocardium (as demonstrated in animal studies) (429). 

SC 91-1 Precautions in the Management of Patients Who Have Received Therapeutic Amounts of Radionuclides SC 91-2 Dentistry... 

Radiophannaceuticals are almost ideal diagnostic tools because radioisotope tracers do not alter body physiology, and they permit external monitoring with minimal instrumentation. Presently, there are three major areas of nuclear medicine (1) physiological function studies, (2) radionuclide imaging procedures, and (3) therapeutic techniques. 

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