Radiolysis yield

The 0.23 pmolJ-1 of reaction 15 increases the yield of radical 5 from 0.29 in pulse radiolysis to 0.52 pmolJ-1 in y-radiolysis. Summing up all the yields of radical 5 gives 2 x (0.085 + 0.056 + 0.067 + 0.021) + 0.02 = 0.48. In this calculation we assume that benzene is formed solely from 5 + 5 disproportionation and none from reaction 16. In order to obtain closer agreement between the pulse and continuous radiolysis yields, less than 0.23 pmolJ-1 should be formed in reaction 15. 

In phenyl benzoate itself, Miller (14) reported results of radiolysis yielding 10 times as much CO as C02, which is wholly consistent with predominant split at the weakest bond, PhO—COPh. The situation is... 

Unlike the extractant TBP (26, 27, 98), the radiolysis yields strongly depended on the nitric acid concentration (188, 189) after irradiation of DEHHA in TPH in the presence of nitric acid aqueous phase, the G(-amide) = 3.6 and 0.9 for 4 and 0.5 mol L 1 HN03, respectively. 

Table II. Radiolysis Yields of Symmetrical Aliphatic Ketones...

Calcul-Ohno S, Eurukawa K, Taguchi M, Namba H, Watanabe H. (1999) Predicted radiolysis yield in a Ericke solution irradiated with various heavy ions. Rad Phys Chem 55(5-6) 503-506. 

Fig. 9. The sulfur cycle as deduced from approximate radiolysis yields. Sulfur can enter the system by implantation from lo, possibly gases from beneath the surface as at lo, Or as an ocean salt exposed to the surface. Radiation chemistry is fast, so the species are cycled through the various sulfur forms shown here. The relative amounts agree with the fits in Ref. 7.

G(S02) versus ceiling temperature, PMPS data from this work (Tc — — 34 C). Other radiolysis yields from reference 3. 

The rate coefficient measured by the pulse radiolysis technique [51] is 2kt = 1.8 X 1071 mole-1 s-1, i.e. one order of magnitude higher than that measured by the sector technique [49]. The oxygen dissolved in cyclohexanol seems to be rapidly consumed on irradiation. Free hydroxyalkyl radicals R disappear partly by bimolecular interaction (R- + R ), the rate coefficient of which is high [51], 3.4 X 1081 mole-1 s-1. This is in agreement with the radiolysis yields obtained, viz. Gketone = 6.4 and GROOH = 0.34, whereas they should be the same if only reaction (3) occurs. 

There are a number of ways to reduce corrosion. One is to increase the pH of the water to 8 by adding alkali, e.g. LiOH or NH3 ( 10 ppm). While reactors of US type use LiOH in order to reduce the formation of tritium firom n,y-capture in Li, the VVER reactors normally use KOH. When ammonia is used, the radiolysis yields HNO2 and HNO3 it is necessary to add H2 gas to shift the equilibrium from the acidic products. At an H2 concentration of 2 ppm, the concentration of dissolved O2 is greatly reduced. Instead of NH3, hydrazine or N2 may be added to the water to increase the pH via the reactions... 

The above methane radiolysis products can also be produced in radical reactions. The contribution from these reactions to radiolysis yields has been investigated by the acceptor method, i.e. by introducing species capable of capturing radicals. From the data on the radiolysis of CH4—CD4 mixtures it has been concluded that ethane is generated as a result... 

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