Radiographs Humerus

RQund 10 Comparison Of skeletal involvement in a pretreatment radiograph or the left humerus (A) with an cximinitkm obtained on week 310 dining high-dose enzyme supplementation (B). Radiographic signs of Gaucher disease are not apparent cm the latter him. (non Ref. 27.)... 

Fractures in the region of the elbow can be particularly difficult to diagnose and delineate accurately. Ultrasound has been shown to be a useful adjunct to plain radiography, particularly if clinical suspicion is high and radiographs are indeterminate (Davidson et al. 1994 Markowitz et al. 1992 Vocke-Hell and Schmid 2001). With supracondylar fractures of the humerus, ultrasound may demonstrate the fracture line in association with a joint effusion and elevation of the fat pads (Figs. 4.5,4.6). 

Fig. 4.5. Longitudinal image of the distal humerus in a child following trauma. There is distension of the elbow joint (arrowheads) with loss of cortical continuity (arrow) in the supracondylar region. The image has been rotated to allow comparison with the radiograph (see Fig. 4.6)...

The importance and frequency of physiological SNBF should also be recognised (Kwon et al. 2002). Radiographically this presents as a thin well-defined density, 2 mm or less in thickness, separate from the cortex of the bone and restricted to the diaphy-sis (Fig. 11.1). In order of frequency the bones most commonly affected are the tihia, femur, humerus, ulna and radius. The changes are most often, hut not always, bilateral and symmetrical. It is a common finding between 1 and 4 months. Outside of this age group and when > 2 mm in thickness, SNBF is likely... 

Clavicular fractures are by far the most frequent and maybe discovered incidentally on a chest radiograph or clinically with the development of the hard lump of callus. The humerus is the commonest long bone to be fractured at birth. In Cumming s series of 23 birth related fractures the sites were clavicle, humerus and... 

Rogers LF, Malave S Jr, White H, Tachdjian MO (1978) Plastic bowing, torus and greenstick supracondylar fractures of the humerus radiographic clues to obscure fractures of the elbow in children. Radiology 128 145-150 Roposch A, Reis M, Molina M, Davids J, Stanley E, Wilkins K, Chambers HG (2002) Supracondylar fractures of the humerus associated with ipsilateral forearm fractures in children a report of forty-seven cases. J Pediatr Orthop 21 307-312... 

Fig. 13 A radiograph of a bladder cancer that had metastasized to the humerus (a). After eurettage of the lesion and reinforcement with wire, CPC containing magnetite was implanted into the eavity (b). At 3 months after undergoing hyperthermia (c), massive new bone formation had beeome visible (arrow). Reprinted from Ref 80, with kind permission from Springer Seience and Business Media.

Farin PU,Jaroma H (1996) The bicipital groove of the humerus sonographic and radiographic correlation. Skeletal Radiol 25 215-219... 

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