Radioactive sulfur acidity

The constants for the various treatments with radioactive elemental sulfur and with the radioactive sulfur acids are shown in Table I. 

The radioactivity of the hydrogen sulfide produced by 28 lemons treated with radioactive elemental sulfur dust, 28 lemons treated with radioactive sulfur dioxide gas, and 28 lemons treated with a radioactive sulfuric acid solution is expressed as per cent specific activity (Table II), which for the purpose of this report is defined as ... 

Uranium Extraction from Ore Leach Liquors. Liquid—Hquid extraction is used as an alternative or as a sequel to ion exchange in the selective removal of uranium [7440-61-1] from ore leach Hquors (7,265,271). These Hquors differ from reprocessing feeds in that they are relatively dilute in uranium and only slightly radioactive, and contain sulfuric acid rather than nitric acid. 

The radioactive isotopes available for use as precursors for radioactive tracer manufacturing include barium [ C]-carbonate [1882-53-7], tritium gas, p2p] phosphoric acid or pP]-phosphoric acid [15364-02-0], p S]-sulfuric acid [13770-01 -9], and sodium [ I]-iodide [24359-64-6]. It is from these chemical forms that the corresponding radioactive tracer chemicals are synthesized. [ C]-Carbon dioxide, [ C]-benzene, and [ C]-methyl iodide require vacuum-line handling in weU-ventilated fume hoods. Tritium gas, pH]-methyl iodide, sodium borotritide, and [ I]-iodine, which are the most difficult forms of these isotopes to contain, must be handled in specialized closed systems. Sodium p S]-sulfate and sodium [ I]-iodide must be handled similarly in closed systems to avoid the Uberation of volatile p S]-sulfur oxides and [ I]-iodine. Adequate shielding must be provided when handling P P]-phosphoric acid to minimize exposure to external radiation. 

Structure. The thiosulfate sulfur atoms have been shown to be nonequivalent by radioactive sulfur exchange studies (1). When a sulfite is treated with radioactive sulfur and the resulting thiosulfate decomposed to sulfur and sulfite by acids, the radioactivity appears in the sulfur ... 

Mature yellow lemons were picked freshly from trees growing at the Citrus Experiment Station at Riverside prior to a given treatment, which resulted in pickings at various times over a year s period. Eureka lemons were used in the treatments with elemental sulfur and with sulfuric acid. (Asterisks are employed to indicate radioactive atoms.) Lisbon lemons were used in the treatment with hydrogen sulfide and a mixture of both was used in the treatment with sulfur dioxide. Pickings were made on April 27, 1948, and January 1, April 7, and May 10, 1949, for the various treatments. 

Table II shows that 100% of the hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfur -dusted fruit was derived from the sulfur applied, 11% from the sulfur dioxide treated fruit, and 5% from the sulfuric acid treated fruit. Thus, the higher the state of oxidation of the sulfur applied, the more limited the production of radioactive hydrogen sulfide. No hydrogen sulfide was obtained from the controls.

The specific activity of the sulfur dioxide was 14, 21, and 13% for the elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfuric acid treated fruit, respectively (Table III). Thus about the same proportion (within experimental error) of sulfur dioxide is derived from the radioactive elemental sulfur and sulfur acids applied in the treatments. 

The alkali-soluble protein of the peel of lemons treated with hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid contained radioactive sulfur, but the fruit treated with hydrogen sulfide had a significantly lower per cent specific activity in the alkali-soluble protein fraction than did the sulfur dioxide or sulfuric acid treated fruits (Table VII). These results suggest that sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid react with protein more directly, while hydrogen sulfide perhaps must be oxidized first, as indicated in Table III. It also appears (from Table VII) that the alkali-soluble protein may have been dismuted as the amounts isolated were less in both the hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide treated fruit than in the incubated or nonincubated controls. Other evidence of dismutation has been obtained in experiments where incubation at 60° C. was accompanied by the production of free ammonia (18), and the recovery of free ammonia and six amino acids in the exudates of incubated and sulfur-dusted fruits (18). 

The chemistry of sulfur is a broad area that includes such chemicals as sulfuric acid (the compound prepared in the largest quantity) as well as unusual compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and halogens. Although there is an extensive chemistry of selenium and tellurium, much of it follows logically from the chemistry of sulfur if allowance is made for the more metallic character of the heavier elements. All isotopes of polonium are radioactive, and compounds of the element are not items of commerce or great use. Therefore, the chemistry of sulfur will be presented in more detail. 

Decarboxylation methods failed. After several trials, excess phenylmagnesium bromide was used to form the tertiary alcohol, 459, which was treated with acetic anhydride containing a trace of sulfuric acid yielding the tetrasubstituted olefin, 460 (Scheme 56). This olefin was cleaved with ruthenium tetroxide and periodate. The resulting benzophenone was radioactive, thus the pathway to muurolene proceeds via cyclodecadiene as intermediate. 

Matthews, Mahlman, and Sworski observed net Ce(III) oxidation induced by gamma radiation in 4 Af sulfuric acid solution. The Ce(IV) concentration goes through a maximum, caused by formation of oxygen, which in turn removes H atoms to form HOj. The HO2 then reduces Ce(IV). Studies of this nature are particularly important in understanding the stability and in the storage of solutions under radioactive conditions. 

For the cyclic AMP assay [y- P]ATP (10 uM) is incubated with 10 mM magnesium acetate, cyclic AMP standard (0-10 pmol) or water, histone mixture, cyclic AMP-activated protein kinase, and 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 6.0, for 5 min at 30°C. The reaction is terminated by the addition of trichloroacetic-acid-tungstate-sulfuric acid, the precipitate is dissolved in N NaOH, and the radioactivity counted in scintillation fluid. 

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