Radio frequency secondary electrons

X lO atm at 1000 to 1600C. A thin film of NiO was deposited onto the surface of CoO single crystals by means of radio-frequency sputtering. Concentration-penetration curves were then obtained by electron-beam micro-analysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results could be described by ... 

The radio halo spectrum of Coma can be fitted out to ur 1.4 GHz with both primary and secondary models (e.g., Sarazin 1999, Blasi Colafrancesco 1999, Colafrancesco Mele 2001, Brunetti et al. 2001, Thierbach et al. 2003) and it does not provide a strong test bed. The claimed steepening of the spectrum at higher frequency can be attributed to the ageing of primarily accelerated electrons but can also reproduced in specific in-situ models (Thierbach et al. 2003). 

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