Quenching from solid state

It is noteworthy that the wetting effect caused PL quenching, as an extrinsic sensing mechanism, is likely extendable to other QD-polymer systems used as chemical vapor sensors for detection of different molecular species. The complexity arises from solid-state optical systems for vapor detections involving a combination of nanoparticles and polymer interaction with chemical species under illumination. This is an important point to which to pay attention in the studying and development of this type of dependable QD-based chemical sensor. 

Figure 5 Free energy surface at l l(Fig. 5a) [22, 24, 28] and 1 3 (Fig. 5b) [23, 24, 33] stoichiometries in the vicinity of disordered state ( f=0.0) at T—. 7Q and 1.6, respectively. The solid line in left-hand (right-hand) figure indicates the kinetic path evolving towards the L q LI2 ordered phase when the system is quenched from T—2.5 (3.0) down to 1.70 (1.60), while the broken lines are devolving towards disordered phase. The open arrows on the contour surface designate the direction of the decrease of free energy, and the arrows on the kinetic path indicate the direction of time evolution or devolution.

Sinha, A. K., Giessen, B. C., and Polk, D. E., Metastable Phases Prodiced by Rapid Quenching from the Vapor and the Liquid. Treatise on Solid State Chemistry, ed. N. B. Hannay. Vol. 3. 1976. 

Quenching (front the solid state). Metastable alloys have been very familiar to metallurgists for a long time now. Several alloys employed in everyday applications contain metastable phases. Typical examples are quenched steels and precipitation hardened aluminium alloys. Until the 1960s, metastable alloys were always obtained by quenching (rapid cooling) from the solid state. 

Peroxynitrite is an important cytotoxin that results in vivo from the direct reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide. There are several methods to synthesize peroxynitrite, including the solid-state photolysis of KNOs, the ozonation of sodium azide, or the alkaline reaction of nitrite esters with hydrogen peroxide. Perhaps the most common peroxynitrite synthesis involves treating an acidified solution of hydrogen peroxide with nitrite, followed by an immediate quench with base. Although this synthesis is facile, quick, and affordable, it results in... 

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