Quaternary ammonium starch ethers

Quaternary ammonium starch ethers are prepared by reacting the chlorohydrin form of... 

Quaternary Ammonium Starch Ethers. Among the reagents that can add quaternary ammonium groups to starch probably the most popular is 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride. Ethers of this type with different DS have been prepared and tested for their role in adsorption on calcium carbonate in relation with the mechanisms of dispersion and flocculation of small particles (136). 

Quaternary ammonium alkyl ethers are prepared similarly an alkaline starch is reacted with a quaternary ammonium salt containing a 3-chloto-2-hydtoxyptopyl or 2,3-epoxyptopyl radical. Alternatively, such derivatives can be prepared by simple quaternization of tertiary aminoalkyl ethers by reaction with methyl iodide. Sulfonium (107) and phosphonium (108) starch salts have also been prepared and investigated. Further work has explained the synthesis of diethyl aminoethyl starch (109) as well as the production of cationic starches from the reaction of alkaline starch with... 

Cationic starches are obtained by reaction of starch with reagents containing amino, imino, ammonium, sulfonium groups. The two main types of commercial products are the tertiary amino and quaternary ammoniiun starch ethers (135). 

Cationic Starches. Commercial cationic starches are starch ethers that contain a tertiary amino or quaternary ammonium group, eg, the diethylaminoethyl ether of starch or the 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl ether of starch [9063-45-0], sold as its chloride salt [56780-58-6]. 

Etherification. A mixture of ethylene chlorohydrin ia 30% aqueous NaOH may be added to phenol at 100—110°C to give 2-phenoxyethanol [122-99-6] ia 98% yield (39). A cationic starch ether is made by reaction of a chlorohydfin-quaternary ammonium compound such as... 

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