Quasars and Radio Sources

As the pair of black holes (a) break the vacuum interface the annihilation explosion (b) between matter and antimatter appears as a point-like energy source surrounded by a massive magnetic field. As in an oscillating chemical reaction radiation is emitted in a periodic fashion (c), commonly observed as a variable quasar. 

Relativistic leptons and cosmic plasma excite synchrotron radiation in the environment (d) with the appearance of a typical radio galaxy. As the interface repairs itself isolated radio sources in a blank field are left behind (e). 

The interacting matter within the quasar is under monstrous pressure and emits extremely redshifted radiation. These chemical redshifts are not distance indicators, but as black holes are more likely to develop in regions of high mass density, quasars are likely to occur intragalactic. The net effect would be the creation of isotropic radiation fields such as the X-ray 

The proposed (Manuel et al., 2006) nuclear cycle that powers the cosmos has many elements in common with some of our arguments. Not unlike the periodic model of stable nuclides and the notion of cosmic self-similarity these authors suggest that stars are subject to the same types of interaction that occur in radioactive nuclides, which depend on the relative amounts of nucleons defined by the numbers A, Z and N. Because of chemical layering an accumulation of neutrons that resembles a neutron star develops at the core of an ordinary star. This core is left behind as the remains of a supernova. 

Most of their interesting conclusions find a simple explanation in matter-antimatter annihilation through the vacuum interface, as proposed here. 

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The quadratic relationship of redshift to distance of the source is a complete departure from the conventionally assumed Doppler shift and Hubble s linear law. In order to test the quadratic model it is necessary (Segal, 1980) to eliminate the distance, which is not an observable quantity, using geometrical relations with parameters such as apparent luminosity or angular diameter. These relations were tested on data available for galaxies, quasars and radio sources. 

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