Quarternization polymers

These quarternized polymers can be viewed as self-doped but exhibit relatively low intrinsic conductivities. The polymers can be oxidatively doped with iodine, or reductively doped with TTF, to give highly conducting polyacetylenes with conductivities of 10"4 and 10 1 S/cm, respectively. One additional attractive feature of this system is that, unlike PA, these quarternized PAs are very stable in air. 

The hydrolysis of nitrophenyl sulphates is not, contrary to an earlier report, catalysed by poly(ethylenimine) derivatives, although that of dinitrophenyl sulphates is substantially enhanced by partly quarternized polymer. ... 

Spectroscopic and viscosity results for these quarternized PAs indicated that these polymers have effective conjugation lengths ranging from 10-16 double... 

M. Yoshikawa, T. Yukoshi, K. Sanui, N. Ogata, Selective separation of water from water-ethanol solution through quarternized poly(4-vinyl pyridine-co-acrylonitrile) membranes by pervaporation technique, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 33 (1987) 2369-2392. 

Co(n)- and Fe(II)chlorophyllins (8) with partly quarternized poly(4-vinylpyridine/ In aqueous solution at pH 10 the metal ions are easily oxidized. Fundamentally the rate of irrevet Ue oxygoiation is lO times slower for the polymer complex than with pyridine. 

Binyamin, Chen and Heller reported that wired enzyme electrodes constituted of glassy carbon electrodes coated with poly(4-vinylpyridine) complexed with [Os(bpy)2Cl] and quarternized with 2-bromoethylamine or poly[(iV-vinylimidazole) complexed with [Os(4,4 -dimethyl-2,2 -bypyridine)2Cl] or poly(vinylpyridine) complexed with [Os(4,4 -dimethoxy-2,2 -bypyridine)2Cl] quaternized with methyl groups lost their electrocatalytic activity more rapidly in serum or saline phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) in the presence of urate and transitional metal ions such as Zn and Fe " " than in plain saline phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). It was reported that as much as two-thirds of the current is lost in 2 h in some anodes. However, when a composite membrane of cellulose acetate, Nafion, and the polyaziridine-cross-linked co-polymer of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) quaternized with bromoacetic acid was applied, the glucose sensor stability in serum was improved and maintained for at least 3 days [27,50]. 

Wilson, at Bishop College, and Eberhart and Elkowitz at University of Texas (27) have irradiated a silicone substrate in the presence of chloromethylstyrene monomer to produce a reactive graft polymer that can be quarternized with pyridine and reacted with sodium heparin to produce a thromboresistant heparinized product that has a higher blood compatibility than the untreated silicone. The same group has used essentially the same methods to create a heparin grafted polyethylene surface. 

The closed packing in a polymer chain may lead to uncoordinated ligand groups. Poly(4-vinylpyridine) dissolved in an ethanol/water mixture results with Co-acetylaceto-nate in a degree of complexation of 0.7. The rate of formation of the Co(II)-complex in with R partly quarternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) decreases due to steric reasons as follows R = -CH3 > -CH2-C6H5 [88]. 

Fuoss and Strauss on the kinetics of the quarternization of PVP in solution are included for comparison in Fig. 15b [42], The close agreement between the kinetics of the quarternization of the surface-attached monolayers and the rate of the same reaction in solution demonstrate that the covalent attachment of the chains to the surface has no significant influence on the polymer-analogous reaction. 

Figure 7.5 (a) Diffusion coefficient measured in salt-free dilute solutions of sodium polyjstyrene sulfonate) is independent of the concentration and molecular weight (different symbols, in the range between 5000 and 200,000 g/mol) of the polymer. (From Sedlak, M. and Amis, E.J., J. Cbem. Pbys., 96, 817, 1992b. With permission.) (b) Diffusion coefficient decreases with salt concentration for the upper branch (fast mode). The lower branch is the slow mode. The data are for quarternized poly(vinyl pyridinium) salt with the molecular weight of 200,000 g/mol at different salt concentrations (squares, 10" M triangles, 10 M diamonds, 10" M and open circles, 0.1 M). (From Forster, S. et al.. Polymer, 31,781, 1990. With permission.)... 

A number of hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers have been prepared via post-polymerization reaction. For example, Straus [21] has prepared polysoaps by the quarternization of poly(2-vinylpyridine) with n-dodecyl bromide (Eq. 1.3). 

This section describes the preparation of new polymer electrolytes consisting of polymer blends of quarternized salts such as polypyridinium salt and aluminum (Schemes 1 and 2). The polypyridinium here constitutes the molten salt chloride, instead of the pyridinium salt and enables the polymer complexes to form thin films, resulting from the enormous increase in viscosity of the molten salt [102]. 

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