Quantum mechanics methods electronic structure-based explicit

Halley and Mazzolo l develop>ed a flrst-principles-based direct dynamics method to examine the water/copper metal interface. Previous models on the electrochemical metal/ water interface published in the literature could not straightforwardly describe the asymmetry of the capacitance measured experimentally in the double layer. In approach taken by Halley and MazoUo, the electrons in the metal are modeled quantum mechanically using a jellium-type free electron model where only the s-electrons in copper are treated. Pseudopotentials are used to describe the electron interactions with water. The water solution phase is decoupled from the electronic structure and treated by molecular dynamics simulations with explicit water molecules using classical force fields. Gouy-Chapman theory is used to treat ionic screening. The electronic structure at the interface between the metal and the water is carefully matched by p>erforming electronic structure calculations on the metal substrate after each time step in the water MD simulation. The approach was used to examine the influence of applied potential on the structm-e of the metal-water... 

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