Quantitative analysis spectrometry

The conventional method for quantitative analysis of galHum in aqueous media is atomic absorption spectroscopy (qv). High purity metallic galHum is characteri2ed by trace impurity analysis using spark source (15) or glow discharge mass spectrometry (qv) (16). 

Spark Source Mass Spectrometry (SSMS) is a method of trace level analysis—less than 1 part per million atomic (ppma)—in which a solid material, in the form of two conducting electrodes, is vaporized and ionized by a high-voltage radio frequency spark in vacuum. The ions produced from the sample electrodes are accelerated into a mass spectrometer, separated according to their mass-to-charge ratio, and collected for qualitative identification and quantitative analysis. 

One other technique has become central in surface research this is X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, earlier known as ESCA, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis . Photoelectrons are emitted from a surface irradiated by X-rays. The precautions which have to be taken to ensure accurate quantitative analysis by this much-used technique are set out by Seah (1980). 

Quantitative analysis of the peroxy group of macroinitiators is performed by iodometry [38] and that of the azo group is done by ultraviolet (UV) spectrometry. Recently, type II MAI composed of PU was determined of its azo concentration by UV [20]. When the UV absorption spectral peak of the azo group overlaps other peaks, DSC is available by determining the azo group from the exothermal peak area [1IJ. 

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry has seldom been used as a quantitative analytical method but can have some practical importance in the characterization of surfactants [296-298]. 13C-NMR spectrometry has been used for the qualitative and also quantitative analysis of dodecyl, tetradecyl, and cetyl sulfates [299]. H- and, 3C-NMR spectra of sodium dodecyl sulfate are given by Mazumdar [300]. 

Mass Spectrometry. The mass spectra were obtained on a CEC 21-llOB mass spectrometer with the batch inlet system maintained at 250°C to assure complete vaporization of the samples. Sensitivity factors for quantitative analysis were obtained from standards of di-, tetra-, hexa-, and octa-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The factors for the intermediate chlorinated species were estimated by interpolation. The analyses were based... 

Mass spectrometry involves the study of ions in the vapour phase. Mass spectrometers are analytical instruments that convert neutral molecules into gaseous ions and separate those ions according to the ratio of their mass-to-charge (m/z) The location of the mass lines provides a qualitative analysis, and their intensity, mostly measured relative to that of the matrix element or a suitable internal standard, gives a quantitative analysis. 

Purdon JG, Pagotto JG, Miller RK. 1989. Preparation, stability, and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry of tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives of some alkylphosphonic and alkyl methylphosphonic acids. J Chromatogr 475 261-272. 

Goodacre, R. Karim, A. Kaderbhai, M. A. Kell, D. B. Rapid and quantitative analysis of recombinant protein expression using pyrolysis mass spectrometry and artificial neural networks Application to mammalian cytochrome b5 in Escherichia coli. J. Biotechnol. 1994,34,185-193. 

Fang, J. Barcelona, M. J. Structural determination and quantitative analysis of bacterial phospholipids using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry./. Microbiol. Meth. 1998,33,23-35. 

Timmins, E. M. Goodacre, R. Rapid quantitative analysis of binary mixtures of Escherichia coli strains using pyrolysis mass spectrometry with multivariate calibration and artificial neural networks J. Appl. Microbiol. 1997,83, 208-218. 

Kang, S. G. Lee, D. H. Ward, A. C. Lee, K. J. Rapid and quantitative analysis of clavulanic acid production by the combination of pyrolysis mass spectrometry and artificial neural networks. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1998, 8, 523-530. 

Guerrero C, Tagwerker C, Kaiser P, et al. An integrated mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach quantitative analysis of tandem affinity-purified in vivo cross-linked protein complexes (QTAX) to decipher the 26 S proteasome-interacting network. Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 2006 5 366-378. 

R. Boyd, R. Bethem, C. Basic and D. Matthews, Trace Quantitative Analysis by Mass Spectrometry, J. Wiley Sons, New York, 2008. 

Zhang, H., Yan, W., and Aebersold, R. (2004) Chemical probes and tandem mass spectrometry A strategy for the quantitative analysis of proteomes and subproteomes. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 8, 66-75. 

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