Quantitation thermogravimetric analysis

Thermogravimetry (TG) is a measure of the thermally induced weight loss of a material as a function of the applied temperature [45]. Thermogravimetric analysis is restricted to studies that involve either a mass gain or loss, and it is most commonly used to study desolvation processes and compound decomposition. The major use of TG analysis is in the quantitative determination of the total volatile content of a solid. When a solid can decompose by means of several... 

Sircar [138] has reviewed the analysis of elastomer vulcanisate composition by TG/DTG techniques. The classical ASTM method, D297-93 [139], is too lengthy to be of much practical use on a routine basis, often requires preliminary identification of the polymer and is costly. TG has gained itself wide acceptance as a method for quantitative compositional analysis of vulcanisates ASTM El 131 [140], is basically designed for the analysis of rubber compounds [141]. Thermogravimetric analysis can be used to determine ... 

It is shown that the applicability of fractal model of anomalous diffusion for quantitative description of thermogravimetric analysis results in case of high density polyethylene modified by high disperse mixture Fe/FeO (Z). It is shown the influence of diffusion type on the value of sample 5%-th mass loss temperature and was offered structural analysis of this effect. The critical content Z it is determined, at which degradation will be elapse so, as in inert gas atmosphere. 

Thermogravimetry (TG) or thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In this technique, the mass of a sample is followed as a function of temperature or time. The amount and rate of mass change with temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere are obtained. Such information can tell us about thermal stability as well as the compositional profile of a variety of elastomers and polymers. It is an excellent quantitative technique but qualitatively there may be some doubt as to what material is lost during heating. 

Thermo-Raman spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy is a useful technique to extract information during dynamic thermal processes and this specific application is termed as thermo-Raman spectroscopy (TRS). It is possible to investigate thermally induced changes in Raman band positions, band intensities, and bandwidths and correlate with corresponding structural changes in samples. TRS can also provide quantitative information related to the dynamics thermal processes. Unlike techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) which can only provide bulk information associated with thermal properties of a solid sample, TRS can be used to study thermally induced structural transformation in solids [17]. 

Thermal analysis techniques (differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and evolved gas analysis (EGA)) provide qualitative, semiquantitative, and in special cases, quantitative measurements of the energetic evolution of nanophase materials on heating. Variation of the heating rate and the atmosphere surrounding the sample provide additional information. Some examples are given below in the context of specific systems. 

Infrared spectroscopy has also been combined with other established analytical techniques, e.g. thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The latter is a technique which involves measuring the change of the mass of a sample when it is heated. While TGA can provide quantitative information about a decomposition process, it is unable to identify the decomposition products. However, TGA and infrared spectroscopy have been combined to provide a complete qualitative and quantitative characterisation of various thermal decomposition processes. 

TABLE 2-4. Aging-m-air of the rare earth sesquioxides. Quantitative data as determined from thermogravimetric analysis (TG) or temperature programmed descomposition (TPD). 

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