Pyrotechnics delay compositions

Freeman, Particle Size Measurement of Components, of Pyrotechnic Delay Compositions", PATR 4693 (1975)... 

Four pyrotechnic delay compositions given in 1961 edition of Ellern (Ref 44a) are listed in Vol 3 of Encycl, p D50. In regard to Exotic" Delay Mixtures, Dr Ellern remarks in the 1968 ed of his book (Ref 57, p 415), that these formulations were actually prepd and tested in his laboratory, but the limited investigation was not further pursued by him or by others. At the time of development of Nb(Cb)-Ta - Ba Chromate mixts, the delay mixts with Cr, Mo W(Tungsten) were classified in US. That is why Dr Ellern develops his own mixts which were not classified, although their components Niobium and Tantalum were rather expensive... 

J.E. Rose R. Zimmer-Galler, Pyrotechnic Delay Composition Containing a Heavy Metal Soap , USP 3726730 (1973) CA 79, 7573... 

Differential Thermal Analysis and Temperature Profile Analysis Studies on Pyrotechnic Delay Compositions , 1st ProcEurSympThermAnal, 446—47 (1976) CA 87,87214 (1977)... 

Figure 2.15 shows a schematic representation of the construction of a 12.7 mm multipurpose projectile with a pyrotechnic mixture (incendiary) and secondary explosive. Figure 2.16 schematically shows the construction of a hand grenade with a pyrotechnic delay composition. Bombs such as, for example, the MK 80 series, where approx. 45 % of the total mass is the explosive, usually contain pyrotechnic ( nose or tail ) fuses. 

Theoretical Analysis of Resonance Tube , The Singer Company, Final Report KD 72-82 (1972) 58) F.J. Valenta, The State of the Art of Navy Pyrotechnic Delays , Expls Pyrots (The Franklin Institute Research Laboratories) 5, Nos 11 12 (Nov-Dec 1972). See also Ref 144, pp 185—95. See also Some Factors Affecting Burning Rates and Variability of Tungsten and Manganese Delay Compositions , Ref 144, pp 157—83. See also Mil Spec for Tungsten Delay Compositions , MIL-T-23132A (June 1972) 59) C.F. Parrish et al, Radiation... 

Low-Explosive (LE). An explosive which when used in its normal manner deflagrates or burns rather than detonates that is the rate of advance of the reaction zone into the unreacted material is less than the velocity of sound in the unreacted material. LE s include propellants, certain primer mixtures, BkPdr, blasting explosives (See Ref 44, p B202-L), pyrotechnic compositions and delay compositions. Whether an explosive reacts as a high explosive or a low explosive depends on the manner in which it is initiated and confined. For example, a double base propellant when initiated in the usual manner acts as a LE. However, this material can be made to detonate if it is initiated by an intense shock. Conversely, a HE like TNT, can, under certain conditions be ignited by flame and will burn without detonation (Ref 40a, p 97)... 

Detonators, Initiators, Delay Compositions and Heat-Generating Pyrotechnics... 

Salts of TNT (and strictly speaking salts of the products of decomposition of TNT through the action of strong bases) were described in Vol. I, pp. 303-304. They possess interesting pyrotechnic properties such as ease of burning. They seem to be the base of delay compositions described in a patent by du Pont de Nemours (220]. 

Useful for pyrotechnical fire transfer are the A/39 (Army) mixture, Formula 7 mixture PA-lOl, Formula 8, said to be particularly well-suited for the ignition of delay compositions FA-70, Formula 9, used in numerous pyro primers such as the M19 and in commercial small arms ammunition primers, e.g. Winchester 8-1/2 NOL-60, Formula 10 and FA-959, Formula M. Red phosphorus in combination with barium nitrate and other materials has been used in several formulas in percussion primer mixtures and is also the subject of a patent. ... 

Source N. Davies, T. T. Griffiths, E. L. Charsley, and J. A. Ramsey, The Effect of Low Ambient Pressure on the Burn Rate of a Delay Composition, 10th International Pyrotechnics Seminar, Karlsruhe, Germany, 1985. 

J. E. Rose, Flame Pmpagation Parameters of Pyrotechnic Delay and Ignition Compositions, Report IHMR 71-168, Naval Ordnance Station, Indian Head, MD, 1971. 

P. Elischer et al.. Evaluation of a low toxicity delay composition, presented at Proceedings, 11th International Pyrotechnics Seminar, Vail, CO, 1986. 

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