Pyrophosphate, synthesis

This conclusion has been drawn by Moffatt and Khorana,2 based on limited data. A subsequent, more detailed study [R. K. Ledneva, N. N. Preobrazhenskaya, Z. A. Shabarova, and M. A. Prokof ev, Molek. Biologiya, 5, 264 (1971)] clearly shows an unexpected decrease in the rate of the acid hydrolysis of the phosphor-amidates derived from strong amines. If a similar order of reactivities exists for the pyrophosphate synthesis, the phosphomorpholidate derivative seems close to being the most active. 

Alendronate Suppress the activity of osteoclasts in part via inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthesis Inhibit bone resorption and secondarily bone formation Osteoporosis, bone metastases, hypercalcemia Adynamic bone, possible renal failure, rare osteonecrosis of the jaw... 

Fig. 8. Cocatalysis pyrophosphate synthesis by phosphoryl transfer mediated by macrocycle 38 via the phosphorylated intermediate 81 [5.12].

The lack of dependence of pyrophosphate synthesis in animal and yeast mitochondria on ATP was even more established in experiments with mitochondria, which had been depleted in ADP and ATP by pre-incubation with glucose (40 mM), hexokinase (0.1 mg ml x) and oligomycin (1 fig per mg of protein). In these experiments, the synthesis of pyrophosphate in yeast mitochondria proceeds in the total absence of ADP and ATP (Figure 10.3). The addition of Pi enhanced the above synthesis. Much more pyrophosphate than ATP is synthesized in the chromatophores of Rh. rubrum, whereas substantially more ATP is formed in animal mitochondria. In addition, the quantity of pyrophosphate synthesized in yeast mitochondria may approximate to their ATP content under certain conditions of incubation. 

S. E. Mansurova, Yu. A. Shakhov and I. S. Kulaev (1973b). The coupling of inorganic pyrophosphate synthesis with respiration in animal tissue mitochondria (in Russian). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 213, 1207-1209. 

Auesukaree C, Tochio H, Shirakawa M, Kaneko Y, Harashima S. Plclp, Arg82p, and Kcslp, enzymes involved in inositol pyrophosphate synthesis, are essential for phosphate regulation and polyphosphate accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 2005 280 25127-25133. 

Nyreft P, Lundin A. Enzymatic method for continuous monitoring of inorganic pyrophosphate synthesis. Anal Biochem 1985 151 504-9. 

Sperling, O., Eilam, G., Persky-Broxh, S., and DeVries, A. Accelerated erythrocyte 5-phospho-ribosy 1-1-pyrophosphate synthesis A familial abnormality associated with excessive uric acid production and gout. Biochem. Med., 6 310,1972. 

LIGHT-DRIVEN INORGANIC PYROPHOSPHATE SYNTHESIS IN PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA... 

Light-Driven Inorganic Pyrophosphate Synthesis in Phototrophic Bacteria 23... 

M. are biosynthesized from geranyl pyrophosphate (see Terpenes) via its isomer neryl pyrophosphate (Fig.). Aliphatic M. arise by hydrolysis of the phosphate bond, or the elimination of pyrophosphate (synthesis of 3,7-dimethyloctane type). Cyclic M. usually arise by nucleophilic substitution at Cl of the neryl pyrophosphate with loss of pyrophosphate. Iridoid compounds arise from the reductive cyclization of neryl pyrophosphate. 

Figure 7.10. Cocatalysis pyrophosphate synthesis by phosphoryl transferl 1.

Experiments with enzyme systems in vitro make it seem likely that pyrithiamine acts mainly by inhibition of thiamine pyrophosphate synthesis (it is a strong inhibitor of animal thiaminokinase, in contrast to oxythiamine), while oxythiamine presumably is only active after phosphorylation (oxythiamine pyrophosphate is a powerful competitor of thiamine p3rrophosphate for a number of enzymes requiring the latter, far more so than pyrithiamine pyrophosphate) . 

Cermak DM, Wiemer DF, Lewis K, Hohl RJ (2000) 2-(Acyloxy)ethylphosphonate analogues of prenyl pyrophosphates synthesis and biological characterization. Bioorg Med Chem 8 2729-2737... 

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