Pyrolysis continued nitrogenous

The PP-MMT (mass fraction 5%) (Figure 3.14a) nanocomposite (without PP-g-MA) had an intercalated structure and produced no black carbonaceous char. Only the residual MMT remains after pyrolysis in nitrogen. However, both of the PP nanocomposites that contain PP-g-MA (mass fraction 15%) show extensive charring, and as the mass fraction of MMT is increased from 2% to 5%, the quality of the char improves fewer cracks and a more continuous structure are observed. It appears that the loading level of MMT and the presence of PP-g-MA in the formulation is critical to the formation of a carbonaceous char with few cracks. 

An oil of low flash point in the range 14-18°C, and of 41-43 MJ Kg gross calorific value has been obtained in batch pyrolysis [36] of automobile tyre waste. In a pilot plant with semi-continuous feeding [37] the liquid yield of tyre waste decreased seriously with increasing temperature, and it was always lower in an atmosphere containing oxygen that in nitrogen. 

Silica particles were prepared by the pyrolysis-cum-water vapor treatment of waste green tires and used as a filler in fresh SBR rubber blends (Ivanov and Mihaylov, 2011). Pyrolysis was carried out by gradually heating tires between 300°C and 1000°C and continuously purging air, smoke gases, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen with the addition of vapor from 0% to 100%. The final product was... 

When coals are pyrolyzed, this process is continued by the near complete elimination of hydrogen and oxygen. The carbon residue that remains, however, still contains small quantities of nitrogen and sulfur. Typical values for carbon, hydrogen, volatile matter (i.e., low-molecular-weight products of the pyrolysis), and residual (fixed, nonvolatile) carbon of the various classes of coal (Table 6.1) provide the basis of a system for describing coal rank (Chapters 2 and 8). 

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