Pull-out force

Effect of surface modification on pull-out force of PPTA silicone rubber composite ... 

With reference to the au=l case (see the intercepts on the right-hand side vertical axis in Figs. 5 to 7) the increase in fracture toughness with increasing loading rate (Fig. 5c) and decreasing temperature (Fig. 6b) can be explained as an effect of the increase in pull-out force, which may occur with either weak or strong fibre-matrix interface. 

If the fibre-matrix interface is weak, the pull-out force increases, as the loading rate increases. 

Also the increase in fracture toughness with increasing water content in PA6.6 G30 (Fig. 7) can be explained as due to an increase in pull-out force, accompanied by a weak fibre-matrix interface. If this is the case the pull-out force increases because of the swelling of the matrix which may increase the compression exerted on the fibre and hence fiiction. 

Theoretical model of mode I delamination of z-pinned DCB has been developed to study the bridging mechanism of z-pin reinforcement. The numerical results show that the fracture load for delamination in the z-pinned DCB is greatly dependant on the fnctional pull-out force Pf. However, since the deformation of the z-pin is relatively small compared to sliding distance, the effects of debonding force and debonding length on the fracture resistance of the DCB are... 

Aramid tire cords have been treated by argon plasma etching and plasma polymerization of acetylene. The combination of argon plasma etching and acetylene plasma polymerization results in a greatly improved pull-out force of 91 N in comparison to 34 N with the untreated aramid tire cord. Thus, the plasma treatment improves the adhesion to rubber compounds. " ... 

CNT was found to increase the peak pull-out force approximately linearly. Finally, an examination of polymeric and CNT capping conditions showed that incorporating an end cap in the simulation yielded high initial pull-out peaks that better correlate with experimental findings. These findings have a direct bearing on the design and fabrication of CNT reinforced epoxy composites. 

Figure 16,26. (a) Single fiber embedded in a block of resin, (b) pull-out force causes an interfad a I crack, (c) as does push-out. 

For L4, a triangular construct with two pedicular screws and interpedi-cular plate is used to increase resistance to pull out forces. 

Pc = contact surface pressure between hub and shaft, MPa (psi) P out = pull-out force, N (lb)... 

Typically, when plotting the pull out force, F, as a function of displacement, an initial peak force needed to initiate slipping is observed.This initial peak corresponds to the static coefficient of friction. Following the initial peak is an essentially steady-state value of the pull out force corresponding to the dynamic coefficient of friction. The effective coefficient of friction is calculated using ... 

The adhesion between tip and sample is characterized hy the so-called pull-off or pull-out force (Fig. 5) (73). A quantitative determination of forces requires a thorough calibration of the cantilever spring constant. Despite the large number of different methods (74-77), an accurate quantitative and nondestructive calibration remains difficult. The resolution limit for an optical detection system and spring constants used in experiments on typical commercial SFMs has been estimated to be in the order of 10 N (78). Depending on the detection system, the force constant, the stiffness, and the resonance frequency of the cantilever, even smaller forces are in principle measurable (79). 

---