Puffinus

Electrophysiologically measured thresholds for butanoic acid and ethanethiol in Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus) and black-footed albatross Diomedea nigripes) are as low as 0.01 ppm (Wenzel and Sieck, 1966). More electrophysiologi-cal thresholds for some compounds in tree swallows and cedar waxwings (Clark, 1991), starlings (Clark and Smeraski, 1990), and brown-headed cowbirds (Clark and Mason, 1989) are listed in Table 5.4. 

Social odors have rarely been reported in birds. The respiration rate of wedge-tailed shearwaters Puffinus pacificus) increases in response to the odor of an unfamiliar conspecific (Shallenberger, 1975). Domestic ducks altered social and sexual behavior after bilateral section of the olfactory nerve, or after treatment with amyl acetate or ethyl acrylate (Balthazart and Schoffeniels, 1979). Some bird species are known for their strong characteristic odors. For instance. 

Shallenberger, R. J. (1975). Olfactory use in the wedge-tailed shearwater (Puffinus pacifi-cus) on Manana Island, Hawaii. In Olfaction and Taste, vol. 5, ed. D. A. Denton and J. P. Coghlan, pp. 355-359. New York Academic Press. 

Martin, G. R., and Brooke, M. D. L., 1991, The eye of a procellariifotm seabird, the Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus Visual fields and optical structure. Brain Behav. Evol. 37 65-78. 

Yamashita, R., Takada, H., Fukuwaka, M.A., and Watanuki, Y. 2011. Physical and chemical effects of ingested plastic debris on short-tailed shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, in the North Pacific Ocean. Marine Pollution Bull. 62(12) 2845-2849. 

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