Puccinia helianthi

Disease resistance represents one of the more difficult traits for selection. The primary diseases impacting Jerusalem artichoke production are sclerotinia wilt/rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary), rust (Puccinia helianthi Schw.), southern wilt/blight/collar rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.), and powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.) (see Chapter 11). The importance of each disease is dependent upon the production site. For example, in Europe, sclerotinia is a critical disease, while rust and southern wilt are important diseases in North American production areas. Powdery mildew tends to be less important, in that Jerusalem artichoke appears to have reasonable levels of endogenous resistance. 

Sackston, W.E., Studies on sunflower rust. III. Occurrence, distribution, and significance of races of Puccinia helianthi Schw, Can. J. Bot., 40, 1449-1458, 1962. 

GDH s of fungal cells are in the soluble phase of the cytosol. In 1963, it was noted that an NAD-GDH of Puccinia helianthi was separated from mitochondria and microsomes by fractional centrifugation (S9). Both NAD- and NADP-GDH s of S. carlsbergensis and S. cerevisiae are cytoplasmic 90,91). Two possible explanations were offered 90). Location outside mitochondria may represent an adaptation to strong repression exerted by glucose on all mitochondrial enzymes in yeast. Alternatively, evolution of a mitochondrial GDH is a late acquisition and coincides with expression of an enzyme that is not specific in its requirements for NAD or NADP. Existence in Dictyostelium discoideum of both a mitochondrial enzyme, which is active with both NAD and NADP, and an extramitochondrial enzyme, which is active only with NAD, tends to support the latter view 4) ... 

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