Psychotogenic

Psychedelic Hallucinogen Psycho Energizers Psychomotor Stimulant Diugs Psychostimulants Psychotogenic Psychotomimetic Drugs PT... 

Aghajanian, G.K. Foote, W.E. and Sheard, M.El. Action of psychotogenic drugs on single midbrain raphe neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 171 178-187, 1970. 

Freedman, D. X., and Aghajanian, G. K. (1959) Time parameters in acute tolerance, cross tolerance, and antagonism to psychotogens. Fed. Proc, 18 390 (Abstr.). 

Curran, H.V., and C. Morgan. Cognitive, Dissociative and Psychotogenic Effects of Ketamine in Recreational Users on the Night of Drug Use and 3 Days Later. Addiction 95 (2000) 575-590. 

Abood LG, Ostfeld A, Biel JH Structure-activity relationships of 3-piperidyl benzilates with psychotogenic properties Arch. Intemat. Pharmacodyn. Therap. 120 186-200, 1959. 

The transmethylation hypothesis depended on the psychosis of mescaline as an example of how methylated compounds similar in structure to the monoamine neurotransmitters could be psychotogenic, and demonstrated how methionine, the precursor of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine, could exacerbate the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia in patients. This theory was fed by studies of the now notorious pink spot, an amine found in paper chromatography of urine extracts from schizophrenics and thought to be 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine (i.e., O-methylated dopamine). Subsequent studies eventually identified this as another compound or compounds, primarily of dietary origin. Another methylated derivative erroneously proposed to be found in higher quantities in schizophrenia was dimethyltryptamine. This compound is similar in structure to LSD, the hallucinogenic nature of which was the key to the serotonin deficiency hypothesis, which proposed that the known antagonism of serotonin (5-HT) by LSD indicated that psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia may result from a hypofunction of 5-HT. 

The psychedelic movement was a spin-off of psychopharmacology, which, in the 1950s, was producing the selective antipsychotic medication that would, by the end of the twentieth century, contribute to the closing of the state mental hospitals. Some of the drugs produced by the pharmaceutical industry were inadvertently psychotogenic. 

The other changes suggest a similar shift toward sympathetic activation. In Aserinsky and Kleitman s first published description of REM sleep (Science, 1953), they reported that heart rate and respiratory rate both increased. Soon thereafter, Frederick Snyder showed that systolic blood pressure also increased, sometimes to alarming levels, in REM. Psychotogens raise heart rate and blood pressure, too. 

First, changes in body temperature must reflect a central process, because body temperature is regulated centrally. To produce hyperthermia, psychotogens must somehow enhance sympathetic drive and/or block cholinergic drive on the thermoregulatory centers of the hypothalamus. 

Central Aminergic Demodulation in REM Sleep and Psychotogenic Drug Induced States... 

Comparative Biochemistry of Psychotogens and Neurophysiology of the Serotonin System... 

Purpura, D. P. "Electrophysiological Analysis of Psychotogenic Drug Action. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 75, 122-31,... 

Komhuber J. and Weller M. (1997). Psychotogenicity and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism implications for neuroprotective pharmacotherapy. Biol. Psychiatry 41 135-144. 

Curran, Valerie H., and Celia Morgan. Cognitive, dissociative, and psychotogenic effects of ketamine in recreational users on the night of dmg use and 3 days later. Addiction 95, no. 4 (April 2000) 575-591. 

---