Psychoses recognizing

For many years, schizophrenia was divided into process (core) and reactive types. More recent investigations indicate that the reactive psychotic group has many affective, as well as schizophrenic features (e.g., family histories). This distinction is recognized in the DSM-IV ( 373) by such disorders as schizophreniform, schizoaffective, and brief reactive psychosis. 

Therefore, psychosis can be considered to be a set of symptoms in which a person s mental capacity, affective response, and capacity to recognize reality, communicate, and relate to others are impaired. Psychotic disorders have psychotic symptoms as their defining features, but there are other disorders in which psychotic symptoms may be present but are not necessary for the diagnosis. 

LSD has no officially recognized therapeutic value. However, its use as a therapeutic drug has a rich history. Early research with LSD suggested that it produces states similar to those experienced by people experiencing a type of severe psychiatric disturbance called psychosis, in which patients often hear voices that aren t there, lose touch with reality, have disordered thinking, and experience paranoid thoughts. Mental health experts therefore tried taking LSD to see if it could help them understand their patients problems. 

The FDA provided a summary of 52 adverse psychiatric reactions reported over the prior year for Concerta and Ritalin, including cases of overstimulation (agitation and mania), depression, psychosis, aggression and violence, and suicidal behavior (FDA, 2006b). Notice the similarity to the dangerous effects that the FDA previously recognized as associated with the newer antidepressants. The similarity between stimulant and antidepressant adverse effects is probably due to the stimulating effects of the newer antidepressants. 

For almost one century, acetylcholine has been recognized as a neurotransmitter both in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, acetylcholine has been identified as the neurotransmitter of autonomic ganglia and the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine is involved in different peripheral functions such as heart rate, blood flow, gastrointestinal tract motility, and sweat production and smooth muscle activity. In the CNS, cholinergic neurotransmission plays a crucial role in a variety of CNS functions including sensory perception, motor function, cognitive processing, memory, arousal, attention, sleep, nociception, motivation, reward, mood, and psychosis. 

Up to 10% of patients have to be withdrawn from treatment because of psychiatric symptoms. Bromocriptine-induced psychosis is well known and particular caution is warranted in patients with a family history of mental disorders (109). Even very low doses of bromocriptine can cause psychotic reactions (SEDA-9, 126) (SEDA-10, 117), and well-recognized problems include confusion, hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia. 

So heated is the debate over whether these drugs are good or evil that it s hard even to find a neutral name for them. When they first came to the attention of scientists in Europe and America in the 1950s, they were called psychotomimetics, based on the belief that they made people temporarily insane. (Psychiatrists now recognize that psychosis and the states induced by these drugs are very different.)... 

So the paranoid psychosis produced by cocaine and amphetamine overdose is properh called stimulant psychosis. By the late 1960s, the word was out on the street— Speed kills What was referred to in this slogan was not just death by overdose. Amphetamine overdose deaths did occur, but they were relatively rare. Far more common was the development of a paranoid state that often led to acts of violence. In addition, after a long binge of amphetamine abuse, the user may crash (sleep for an extended period) and then awaken deeply depressed. The depression could last for days and is now recognized as a common withdrawal symptom after hca%7 use of either amphetamine or cocaine. The depression often leads the user back to drugs to try to get up again, and the cycle is repeated. Eventually the user s physical and mental health deteriorates badly unless he or she can break out of the cycle. 

Thiamine is the third B vitamin for which deficiency classically causes cognitive impairment. Wernicke s disease and Korsakoff s psychosis have been recognized since the 1880 s. Yet for years these conditions were... 

---