Carbohydrates proton nuclear magnetic resonance

L. D. Hall, Solutions to the hidden resonance problem in proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem., 29 (1974) 11 -0. 

Despite the success of proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( H n.m.r.) spectroscopy as a tool for studying the structures of organic compounds in solution, the technique nevertheless suffers from a number of limitations. These limitations become increasingly serious with increase in the size and molecular complexity of the system of interest. In particular, when attention is directed to studies of polymeric materials, especially those of biochemical relevance, much of the incisive power of the H n.m.r. technique has, to date, been lost. The outcome of this situation is clearly exemplified in the carbohydrate area, where H n.m.r. spectroscopy is generally the tool preferred for structural studies of mono-... 

The proton spin-lattice relaxation-rate (R,) is a well established, nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) parameter for structural, configurational, and conformational analysis of organic molecules in solution. " As yet, however, its utility has received little attention in the field of carbohydrate chemistry,... 

Carbohydrates in nature are optically active and polarimetry is widely used in establishing their structure. Measurement of the specific rotation gives information about the linkage type (a or (3 form) and is also used to follow mutarotation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) can be used to differentiate between the anomeric protons in the a- or /3-pyranose and furanose anomers and their proportions can be measured from the respective peak areas. 

The first Chapter on nuclear magnetic resonance2 in this Series was devoted principally to p.m.r. spectroscopy, because, up to 1964, virtually no magnetic resonance studies of other nuclei in carbohydrates and their derivatives had been made. The present Chapter is also concerned mainly with the p.m.r. technique, in the expectation that the broad subject of nuclei other than protons will be treated separately in this Series. 

L. D. Hall and J. F. Manville, Studies of carbohydrate derivatives by nuclear magnetic doubleresonance. Part I. Studies of deoxy-sugars by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in S. Hanessian, (Ed.), Deoxy-Sugars, Advances in Chemistry Series, Vol. 74, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1968, pp. 228-252. 

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