Proton exchange membrane intermediates

Figure 29. Conductivity of some intermediate-temperature proton conductors, compared to the conductivity of Nafion and the oxide ion conductivity of YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia), the standard electrolyte materials for low- and high-temperature fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).

The only deviation from this pattern is the DMFC (direct methanol fuel cell) which uses methanol as a fuel without intermediate reforming and microbial fuel cells that use sugar as a fuel and derive current from the metabolic activity of yeast. Both types use a solid ion exchange membrane type electrolyte (proton exchange membrane). 

DMFCs are PEMFCs fed with methanol as fuel. The technologies required by DMFCs are similar to those of PEMFCs. What differ between DMFCs and PEMFCs are in the following two aspects The proton exchange membrane used for DMFCs must possess low methanol permeability or crossover, and the anode catalyst must possess high activity toward the oxidation of methanol and high tolerance to CO and other intermediates from methanol oxidation. In this section, the applications of NMR techniques for the development of DMCFs as well as essential materials are going to be briefly reviewed. 

Fig. 7.1 Sketches of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel ceU, low temperature (a) an Alkaline Fuel CeU (AFC), low temperature (b) a Molten Carbonate Fuel CeU (MCFC), intermediate temperature (c) a high temperature SoUd Oxide Fuel CeU (SOFC) (d)...

Scott K, Mamlouk M (2009) A cell voltage equation for an intermediate temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Int J Hydrogen Energy 34 9195-9202... 

Goni-Urtiaga A, Scott K, Cavaliere S, Jones DJ, Roziere J (2013) A new fabrication method of an intermediate temperature proton exchange membrane by the electrospinning of CSH2PO4. J Mater Chem A 1(36) 10875-10880... 

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