Proteomics analysis element

Mass spectrometry is one of the most dynamic sectors of the analytical instrumentation having innumerable applications. The technique is even now becoming essential in the fields of genomics and proteomics. The following pages show a series of applications of mass spectrometry used in three areas organic analysis, elemental analysis and isotopic analysis. 

How do we then envision the protein microarray as a proteomics tool We now estimate the human genome to comprise around 30,000 genes. For gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays, 1000 to 10,000 gene elements are often used. Since proteins undergo posttranslational modification (>200 different types see McDonald and Yates, 2000, Reference 40) and can occur as isoforms and multiprotein complexes, the number of protein expression elements needs to be much larger. 

Accurate modeling of microbial solubilization of lignocellulose will be dependent on knowledge of the dynamics of microbial cell concentration over the course of bioconversion. While measurement of cell concentrations distinct from the concentration of substrate is trivial for soluble substrates, it is a substantial and not-yet-resolved challenge for fermentation of particulate substrates based on plant cell walls. Cell measurement has been approached on the basis of elemental composition (pellet nitrogen, [25]), concentration of cellular macromolecules (total protein [26] or DNA via quantitative PCR [27]), and estimated by indirect methods, such as off-gas analysis [25] and detection of enzymes (ELISA assays [28]). Future efforts using quantitative proteomics approaches also hold promise. 

Deng, Y, Man, C., Fan, Y., Wang, Z. et al (2015) Preparation of elemental selenium-enriched fermented milk by newly isolated Lactobacillus brevis from kefir grains. Int. Dairy J., 44, 31-36. Mangiapane, E., Lamberti, C., Pessione, A., Galano, E. et al (2014) Selenium effects on the metabolism of a Se-metabolizing LactohacUlus reuteri analysis of envelope-enriched and extracellular proteomes. MoL Biosyst, 10, 1272-1280. 

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