Proteins with Deranged Levels and Modifications in AD

Most proteomics analyses involve 2-D electrophoresis and MALDl-TOF MS steps, as this approach allows for a reliable quantification of changes in protein levels. In one study, the LC-MS/MS approach was used for the detection of proteins enriched in amyloid plaques in the AD brain (liao et al., 2004). Employing the former proteomic approach, levels of about 100 proteins were foimd to be changed in the AD brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in comparison with the control brain and CSF, respectively (Table 15.1). These proteins have various functions, mainly involved in neurotransmission, guidance, signal transduction, metabolism, detoxification, and conformational changes. The CSF proteins are plasma proteins. 

14-3-3 Beta/alpha Enriched in amyloid plaques Liao et al. 2004 

Alpha-enolase Oxidahon in AD/Nitrahon Castegna et al. 2002b 

Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) 1 Engidawork et al. 2001c 

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Table 15.1 Brain proteins with deranged levels in AD. Human brain proteins reported to show changed levels or to be modified in Alzheimer s disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS) brain are listed. The differences were found by application of proteomics technologies. In the column Change , increase (I) or decrease (D) at the protein levels are indicated together with the modification observed. In the column Reference , the corresponding literature is listed.

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